1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Natural resources, institutions and economic development in Africa
Full text linkThis article, first, examines the association between resource rents, institutions and economic growth in Africa, as well as the performance of resource-rich and non-resource-rich countries on institutional quality and political governance. The findings suggest that resource rents failed to contribute to long-term growth on the continent. Additionally, higher resource rents are associated with relatively weak institutions. Second, using historical data, the study tests the validity of the resource-curse hypothesis in two resource-rich countries, namely, Nigeria and Botswana. Although both countries have derived substantial revenues from their natural resource sectors, the distributed-lag results show that Nigeria may have experienced a natural resource curse, while Botswana has not. These findings are presumed, based on the extant literature, to be explained by differences in the level of institutional quality.Keywords: Natural resources; Institutions; Afric
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Explaining Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Governance and Institutions
Full text linkThe burgeoning literature on global food (in)security suggests that sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging behind the rest of the world despite a period of decline in the prevalence of severe undernourishment. Using panel data covering 34 countries in the region for the period 2000 to 2015, this study examined the correlates and causes of food insecurity in SSA with emphasis on the role of domestic food production, governance, and institutions. The paper also provides evidence on the mediating role of governance by examining how the quality of governance and institutions influence the effectiveness of domestic food production on food insecurity in the region. The paper uses an instrumental variable strategy. The findings suggest that domestic food production and improvements in governance quality, measured by economic freedom and government effectiveness, are fundamental drivers of food security in SSA. We also found that improving the quality of governance would enable countries to better translate domestic food production into reductions in the depth of food deficit and the prevalence of undernourishment. Nonetheless, in the absence of adequate domestic food production, governance reforms alone would be impotent in fostering food security in SSA
Explication de l'Insécurité Alimentaire en Afrique Subsaharienne : Le Rôle de la Gouvernance et des Institutions
Full text linkLa littérature florissante sur l'(in)sécurité alimentaire mondiale suggère que l'Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) est à la traîne du reste du monde malgré une période de déclin de la prévalence de la sous-alimentation sévère. En utilisant des données de panel couvrant 34 pays de la région pour la période 2000-2015, cette étude a examiné les corrélations et les causes de l'insécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne, en mettant l'accent sur le rôle de la production alimentaire nationale, de la gouvernance et des institutions. Le rapport fournit également des preuves du rôle médiateur de la gouvernance en examinant comment la qualité de la gouvernance et des institutions influence l'efficacité de la production alimentaire nationale sur l'insécurité alimentaire dans la région. Le document utilise une stratégie de variables instrumentales. Les résultats suggèrent que la production alimentaire nationale et les améliorations de la qualité de la gouvernance, mesurée par la liberté économique et l'efficacité du gouvernement, sont des moteurs fondamentaux de la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne. Nous avons également constaté que l'amélioration de la qualité de la gouvernance permettrait aux pays de mieux traduire la production alimentaire nationale en réductions de l'ampleur du déficit alimentaire et de la prévalence de la sous-alimentation. Néanmoins, en l'absence d'une production alimentaire intérieure suffisante, les réformes de la gouvernance ne peuvent à elles seules favoriser la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique subsaharienne. Le document suggère en outre qu'il est impératif de trouver un juste équilibre entre l'interventionnisme de l'État et les réformes politiques axées sur le marché pour promouvoir la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays africains
Explaining Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Governance and Institutions
Full text linkThe burgeoning literature on global food (in)security suggests that sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging the rest of the world despite a period of decline in the prevalence of severe undernourishment. Using panel data covering 34 countries in the region for the period 2000 to 2015, this study examined the correlates and causes of food insecurity in SSA with emphasis on the role of domestic food production, governance, and institutions. The report also provides evidence on the mediating role of governance by examining how the quality of governance and institutions influence the effectiveness of domestic food production on food insecurity in the region. The POLICY BRIEF Explaining Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Governance and Institutions Dede Gafa and Daniel Chachu October 2023 / No.797 2 Policy Brief No.797 paper uses an instrumental variable strategy. The findings suggest that domestic food production and improvements in governance quality, measured by economic freedom and government effectiveness, are fundamental drivers of food security in SSA. We also found that improving the quality of governance would enable countries to better translate domestic food production to reductions in the depth of food deficit and the prevalence of undernourishment. Nonetheless, in the absence of adequate domestic food production, governance reforms alone would be impotent in fostering food security in SSA. The paper further suggests that finding the right balance between State interventionism and market oriented policy reforms is essential to promote food security among African countrie
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