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Etude de la propriété adjuvante de la protéine Tat du VIH-1 et utilisation de sa capacité à lier les héparanes sulfates pour évaluer le rôle de cibles ubiquitaires dans les mécanismes de présentation antigénique : Implications dans l'immunogénicité de protéines et applications potentielles en vaccination
No full textSoluble proteins are usually poorly immunogenic, which is a limit to the development of subunit vaccines based on proteins. My thesis work aimed to decipher some molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the immunogenicity and to exploit them to develop innovative approaches to improve the ability of proteins to trigger the immune response. For this purpose, I mainly used the transcriptional transactivator (Tat) of HIV-1. I showed that the oligomerization of Tat enables a B-TH-2 collaborative mechanism to induce the immune response in the absence of adjuvant. I identified the minimum region determining the effect and showed that it confers the self-adjuvanting property to other antigens. In the second part of my work, I showed that the MHC I and MHC II restricted presentation to T cells is increased when the proteins are endowed with the ability to bind ubiquitous sulfated polysaccharides: heparan sulfates. This work helped to define new approaches to improve the immunogenicity of proteins that are likely to be included in vaccine preparations.Les protéines solubles sont généralement faiblement immunogènes, ce qui constitue une limite pour le développement de vaccins sous unitaires à base de protéines. Mes travaux de thèse ont eu pour objectif de décrypter certains mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires qui contribuent à l'immunogénicité et d'en tirer partie pour développer des approches originales permettant d'améliorer la capacité des protéines à déclencher la réponse immunitaire. Pour cela, j'ai principalement utilisé le transactivateur transcriptionnel (Tat) du VIH-1. J'ai montré que l'oligomérisation de Tat permet à un mécanisme de collaboration B-TH-2 d'induire la réponse immunitaire en absence d'adjuvant. J'ai identifié le déterminant minimal responsable de l'effet et montré qu'il confère la propriété adjuvante à d'autres antigènes. J'ai ensuite montré que la présentation aux cellules T restreinte aux CMH I et CMH II est accrue lorsque les protéines sont dotées de la capacité à lier des sucres sulfatés d'expression ubiquitaire: les héparanes sulfate. Ces travaux ont permis de définir de nouvelles approches pour améliorer l'immunogénicité de protéines susceptibles d'être intégrées dans des préparations vaccinales
Study of HIV-1 Tat self-adjuvanting property and utilization of its ability to bind heparan sulfates to assess the role of ubiquitous targets in antigen presentation mechanisms
No full textLes protéines solubles sont généralement faiblement immunogènes, ce qui constitue unelimite pour le développement de vaccins sous unitaires à base de protéines. Mes travaux de thèseont eu pour objectif de décrypter certains mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires qui contribuent àl’immunogénicité et d’en tirer partie pour développer des approches originales permettantd’améliorer la capacité des protéines à déclencher la réponse immunitaire. Pour cela, j’aiprincipalement utilisé le transactivateur transcriptionnel (Tat) du VIH-1. J’ai montré quel’oligomérisation de Tat permet à un mécanisme de collaboration B-TH-2 d’induire la réponseimmunitaire en absence d’adjuvant. J’ai identifié le déterminant minimal responsable de l’effet etmontré qu’il confère la propriété adjuvante à d’autres antigènes. J’ai ensuite montré que laprésentation aux cellules T restreinte aux CMH I et CMH II est accrue lorsque les protéines sontdotées de la capacité à lier des sucres sulfatés d’expression ubiquitaire: les héparanes sulfate. Cestravaux ont permis de définir de nouvelles approches pour améliorer l’immunogénicité de protéinessusceptibles d’être intégrées dans des préparations vaccinales.Soluble proteins are usually poorly immunogenic, which is a limit to the development ofsubunit vaccines based on proteins. My thesis work aimed to decipher some molecular and cellularmechanisms that contribute to the immunogenicity and to exploit them to develop innovativeapproaches to improve the ability of proteins to trigger the immune response. For this purpose, Imainly used the transcriptional transactivator (Tat) of HIV-1. I showed that the oligomerization of Tatenables a B-TH-2 collaborative mechanism to induce the immune response in the absence ofadjuvant. I identified the minimum region determining the effect and showed that it confers the selfadjuvantingproperty to other antigens. In the second part of my work, I showed that the MHC I andMHC II restricted presentation to T cells is increased when the proteins are endowed with the abilityto bind ubiquitous sulfated polysaccharides: heparan sulfates. This work helped to define newapproaches to improve the immunogenicity of proteins that are likely to be included in vaccinepreparations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Étude de la propriété adjuvante de la protéine Tat du VIH-1 et utilisation de sa capacité à lier les héparanes sulfates pour évaluer le rôle de cibles ubiquitaires dans les mécanismes de présentation antigénique (implications dans l'immunogénicité de protéines et applications potentielles en vaccination)
No full textLes protéines solubles sont généralement faiblement immunogènes, ce qui constitue unelimite pour le développement de vaccins sous unitaires à base de protéines. Mes travaux de thèseont eu pour objectif de décrypter certains mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires qui contribuent àl immunogénicité et d en tirer partie pour développer des approches originales permettantd améliorer la capacité des protéines à déclencher la réponse immunitaire. Pour cela, j aiprincipalement utilisé le transactivateur transcriptionnel (Tat) du VIH-1. J ai montré quel oligomérisation de Tat permet à un mécanisme de collaboration B-TH-2 d induire la réponseimmunitaire en absence d adjuvant. J ai identifié le déterminant minimal responsable de l effet etmontré qu il confère la propriété adjuvante à d autres antigènes. J ai ensuite montré que laprésentation aux cellules T restreinte aux CMH I et CMH II est accrue lorsque les protéines sontdotées de la capacité à lier des sucres sulfatés d expression ubiquitaire: les héparanes sulfate. Cestravaux ont permis de définir de nouvelles approches pour améliorer l immunogénicité de protéinessusceptibles d être intégrées dans des préparations vaccinales.Soluble proteins are usually poorly immunogenic, which is a limit to the development ofsubunit vaccines based on proteins. My thesis work aimed to decipher some molecular and cellularmechanisms that contribute to the immunogenicity and to exploit them to develop innovativeapproaches to improve the ability of proteins to trigger the immune response. For this purpose, Imainly used the transcriptional transactivator (Tat) of HIV-1. I showed that the oligomerization of Tatenables a B-TH-2 collaborative mechanism to induce the immune response in the absence ofadjuvant. I identified the minimum region determining the effect and showed that it confers the selfadjuvantingproperty to other antigens. In the second part of my work, I showed that the MHC I andMHC II restricted presentation to T cells is increased when the proteins are endowed with the abilityto bind ubiquitous sulfated polysaccharides: heparan sulfates. This work helped to define newapproaches to improve the immunogenicity of proteins that are likely to be included in vaccinepreparations.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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