97 research outputs found
POLA PERMUKIMAN NEOLITIK DI KAWASAN DANAU GRATI KABUPATEN PASURUAN, JAWA TIMUR
No full textStudy of Neolithic settlement pattern in Ranu Grati area at Pasuruan-East Java is a part of research series on the ancient settlements at the lakes area in East Java, conducted by author since 2008. Research has been csttied out every year in a row starting from Ranu Klakah, Ranu Gedang, Ranu Segaran, Ranu Bethok, and Ranu Grati. Eventhough in its early stage of research, the results are quite promising, both geoarchaeological and archaeological landscape as well as its artifactual data. Lake terraces as geo-archaeological data and artifacts such as pottery sherds, net-sinkers, and Neolithic adze are evidences of settlement in Grati Lake area
Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere: An Indian Perspective
No full textOrganic compounds form a major fraction of airborne particles in the atmosphere and hence it is important to measure and identify them, especially the proportion of Polycyclic (Polynuclear) Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The control and abatement of PAHs contamination requires the knowledge of the nature, source, and extent of pollution and hence existing literature on Indian studies was
reviewed to gather information on the sources and emission rates of PAHs. Based on the results of the present study along with the data available from literature for particular PAHs in the ambient atmosphere, the vehicular and residential sector was identified as a major source of PAHs emission in many major Indian cities including Ahmedabad, Agra, Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Mumbai, and Nagpur. Emissions of total PAHs range from 23–190 ng/m3, 369–1067 ng/m3, 20.8–100.8 ng/m3, and 12.7–206.4 μg/m3 from gasoline, diesel, petroleum refinery, and biomass, respectively, although it is recognized that this will vary from location to location. Additionally, the regulation and control of PAHs emission, and air quality standards for PAHs were also examined. Based on the toxicity assessment, the study highlights the need to include not only benzo[a]pyrene but also other probable human carcinogenic PAHs while developing a new air quality index for India
Synthesis and characterization of novel nanocomposite by using kaolinite and carbon nanotubes
No full textStructural and electronic properties of amorphous Ti-Ni alloy thin films prepared by ion beam sputtering
No full textCharacterization of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals composition of urban air in Delhi, India
No full textThe concentrations of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals adsorbed to
2.5 mm) respirable particulate matter (PM
10 mm) and the fine fraction of particulate matter (PM
were determined at a site in Delhi (India) during the winter and summer periods in 2007e2008. The
annual mean concentrations for PM10 and PM2.5 were 138.5 Æ 40.4 mg mÀ3 and 50.6 Æ 20.4 mg mÀ3,respectively, with higher concentrations during winter than summer period. Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have been found that were higher than the prescribed limits of the WHO and the NAAQS given by CPCB, India. The trace metals detected in the PM10 and PM2.5 were Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and
Zn and their concentrations were similar to those observed in heavily polluted urban areas from local traffic and other anthropogenic emissions. Total PAH concentrations for PM10 and PM2.5 were much higher in winter (81.5 and 96 ng mÀ3, respectively) compared to summer (33.1 and 45.8 ng mÀ3,
respectively) with high molecular weight homologues (4e6 ring PAHs), which account for 80e95.8% of
total PAHs. In general, the PM2.5 PAH concentrations were higher than PM10 particles. The results of diagnostic ratio and enrichment factor analyses showed that vehicular and anthropogenic emissions related to combustion, industrial processes as well as natural sources associated with the transport of dust from the roadside area were the main pollutant sources for PAHs and trace metals
A Flyvbjergian perspective on public elementary school closures in Toronto: a question of 'rationality' or 'power'?
No full textThe notion of social capital in contemporary societies is viewed as being necessary for the rejuvenation of civil society. However, such assumptions are based on inclusionary democratic practices; the heterogeneity of societal needs and the underlying power structures are often not taken into account. The author explores the possibility of examining neighbourhood-based social capital along the lines of 'intrinsic' (within neighbourhood) and 'extrinsic' (neighbourhood - city) relations. A spatial comparison of such preexisting, dense, dynamic networks of everyday mundane activities often leads to a better understanding of how power is created, maintained, and eventually used in times of neighbourhood crises. More specifically, by using a Flyvbjergian perspective of rationality and power, the author combines the notion of social capital as proposed by Putnam with Epstein's framework of participation within schools, to identify variations in civic activities within Public Elementary School Districts in Toronto (TDSB). Drawing from a unique descriptive dataset on parental and community participation available from the TDSB, and by combining it with enumeration-area data aggregated at the school-district level, this framework is empirically tested to gain an understanding of how such links relate to school-closure decisions. Within the context of education reform in Ontario, the results reveal the paradoxical nature of social capital in promoting and subjugating notions of democracy and civil society.
Seasonal variations and source profile of n-alkanes in particulate matter (PM10) at a heavy traffic site, Delhi
No full textDelhi is one of the most polluted cities in the world. The generation of aerosols in the lower atmosphere of the city is mainly due to a large amount of natural dust advection and sizable anthropogenic activities. The compositions of organic compounds in aerosols are highly variable in this region and need to be investigated thoroughly. Twenty-four-hour sampling to assess concentrations of n-alkanes (ng/m(3)) in PM10 was carried out during January 2015 to June 2015 at Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women (IGDTUW) Campus, Delhi, India. The total average concentration of n-alkanes, 243.7 +/- 5.5 ng/m(3), along with the diagnostic tools has been calculated. The values of CPI1, CPI2, and CPI3 for the whole range of n-alkanes series, petrogenic n-alkanes, and biogenic n-alkanes were 1.00, 1.02, and 1.04, respectively, and C-max were at C-25 and C-27. Diagnostic indices and curves indicated that the dominant inputs of n-alkanes are from petrogenic emissions, with lower contribution from biogenic emissions. Significant seasonal variations were observed in average concentrations of n-alkanes, which is comparatively higher in winter (187.4 +/- 4.3 ng/m(3)) than during the summer season (56.3 +/- 1.1 ng/m(3))
Levels, Sources, and Toxic Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soil of Delhi, India
No full textThis study was done to determine the concentration of PAHs in urban soil of Delhi (India). Surface top soil (up to 10 cm depth) samples were collected from four different sampling sites including industrial, roadside, residential, and agricultural areas of Delhi and 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated. Total PAH concentrations at industrial, roadside, residential, and agricultural sites were 11.46 +/- 8.39, 6.96 +/- 4.82, 2.12 +/- 1.12, and 1.55 +/- 1.07 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively, with 3-7 times greater concentrations in industrial and roadside soils than that in residential and agricultural soils. The PAH pattern was dominated by 4- and 5-ring PAHs (contributing > 50% to the total PAHs) at industrial and roadside sites with greater concentration of fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[b] fluoranthene, benzo[k] fluoranthene, benzo[a] anthracene, benzo[ghi] perylene, and pyrene, whereas, residential and agricultural sites showed a predominance of low molecular weight 2- and 3-ring PAHs (fluoranthene, acenaphthene, naphthalene, chrysene, and anthracene). Isomeric pair ratios suggested biomass combustion and fossil fuel emissions as the main sources of PAHs. The toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) showed that carcinogenic potency (benzo[a] pyrene-equivalent concentration (B[a]P-eq) of PAH load in industrial and roadside soils was similar to 10 and similar to 6 times greater than the agricultural soil
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