95 research outputs found
The Ten Commandments in Old Frisian: Their Form and Content
No full textThis study discusses the relationship amongst the five surviving versions of the Ten Commandments in Old Frisian, which are collectively preserved in eight manuscripts and in one incunable. These versions do not follow the Vulgate text verbatim, but rather include interferences from other texts. As the author intends to show, the compiler of the version of the Ten Commandments in the First Rüstring Manuscript aimed to produce a comprehensive list of precepts by including the Great Commandment, and had a source close to Honorius’s De decem plagis Aegypti spiritualiter at their disposal. The text in Haet is Riocht? may have influenced the vernacular rendition of the Mosaic Law preserved in Codex Aysma. Lastly, the versions preserved in the First and Second Hunsingo Manuscripts and one of the two versions attested by Codex Unia seem to be independent translations of a single Latin text, which survives in Unia
A Study of the Alfredian Verse Prefaces and Epilogues
No full textThis study takes into account the verse prefaces and epilogues associated with the translations of the Alfredian age, approaching them from a metrical standpoint. As I hope to demonstrate, both the Metrical Preface and the Metrical Epilogue to Alfred’s translation of Gregory’s Pastoral Care fit the style of classical Old English poetry. Their author – be it Alfred or one of the scholars that convened at his court – was well-acquainted with the rules governing the traditional alliterative verse. The same applies to the brief Metrical Preface to the Old English Boethius. On the other hand, the Metrical Preface to Wærferth’s translation of Gregory’s Dialogues displays features (such as lack of enjambement and anaphora) that are typical of late Old English poetry. These and other features suggest that this preface might be a late forgery, which was possibly inspired by similar Alfredian examples. This interpretation would fit with the date of the only manuscript where Wærferth’s translation of Gregory’s Dialogues is accompanied by a preface (the eleventh century). The Metrical Epilogue to the translation of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, which is also preserved in a single, eleventh-century copy, is characterised by the presence of similar features. According to this understanding, the Alfredian prologues and epilogues can be read as examples of the development of Old English poetry from early to late versification
A Re-assessment of Poema Morale and its influence on Penitence for a Wasted Life
No full textThe aim of this study is to re-assess the possible influence of Poema Morale on the slightly later lyric Penitence for Wasted Life. The intention is to consider both the content and metre of the two works. Previous scholarship has noted that Penitence for Wasted Life is thematically close to the early Middle English poem; as I shall show, this debt extends to metre as well. A wise old man’s reflection on the transience of worldly things, Poema Morale displays a fondness for proverbial sayings and vivid descriptions of heaven and hell – all elements that must surely have appealed to the Early Middle English readership. This appeal is attested to not only by the nine manuscripts in which the poem is preserved, but also by several textual borrowings from Poema Morale in a number of thirteenth-century lyrics, which were noted by previous scholarship. In this study, I shall suggest that, amongst these lyrics, Penitence for Wasted Life seems inspired by a specific section of Poema Morale, and that several previously unnoticed metrical correspondences between the two works actually indicate that the author of Penitence for Wasted Life possessed a first-hand knowledge of the twelfth-century poem
La Corte penale internazionale
No full textPresentazione delle maggiori problematiche della Corte penale internazional
Chirurgia resettiva: plastiche e linfoliposuzioni (cosa deve sapere il medico estetico)
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Effectiveness of a 5-week virtual reality versus traditional training on balance and flexibility in healthy adult females
No full textPurpose This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 5-week virtual reality training protocol on static and dynamic balance and flexibility compared to a traditional training protocol in healthy adult females. Methods Twenty-one healthy female adults (age, 49.81 +/- 2.99 years) were randomly assigned into three groups: Virtual Reality (VR; n = 7) that performed a 5-week exergame training protocol; Traditional Training (TR; n = 7) that performed a specific training protocol on balance, and lower limbs and abdominal strength; and waitlist control group (CG; n = 7) that continued their daily activities without any type of structured physical activity. Static balance was assessed by the ellipse area and statokinesigram parameters (Romberg test, in the open-eye (OE) and closed-eye (CE)), dynamic balance by the star excursion balance test on the right and left leg, and flexibility by the sit and reach test. Results After the intervention, VR and TR groups showed a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance and flexibility (all p < 0.001) compared to the CG. Compared to TR, the VR training protocol showed greater effect sizes and was more effective in percentage terms on all measured variables, particularly for Sit and Reach (82% vs. 35%), except the OE Area (42% vs. 49%). Conclusions Findings suggest that both a 5-week VR training protocol and a 5-week TR protocol may significantly improve static and dynamic balance and flexibility in healthy female adults. The VR training protocol showed a greater effect size compared to the TR training protocol, although it was not statistically significant. Future randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size and longer training protocols are needed to confirm this finding
Effect of Outdoor Cycling, Virtual and Enhanced Reality Indoor Cycling on Heart Rate, Motivation, Enjoyment and Intention to Perform Green Exercise in Healthy Adults
No full textBackground: Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA), Italy ranks low in leisure-time PA among European countries. Integrating virtual (VR)/enhanced (ER) reality with exercise equipment could boost PA engagement. Limited studies have explored how VR/ER-integrated cycling activity, compared to outdoor settings, influences PA among university students. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a brief cycling session outdoors and indoors on psychological and physiological outcomes, and secondly, investigate the potential of VR/ER-mediated nature experiences as a tool to promote green exercise. Methods: In February 2024, thirty-one subjects (20 M and 11 F; age 24.3 ± 3.2 years; BMI 23.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were involved in this randomized crossover-controlled trial, where they were assigned to three different conditions: ER cycling (ERC), VR cycling (VRC), and outdoor cycling (OUTC). Heart rate (HR), Physical Activity Enjoyment (PACE), Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), and Intention to Perform Green Exercise (INT-GE) were assessed at the end of each condition. Results: The OUTC condition showed significantly greater PACE, IMI, and INT-GE than ERC/VRC (p < 0.001), lower HRmean than ERC/VRC (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), and lower HRmax than ERC (p < 0.05). Conclusions: VRC and ERC enhanced engagement and physiological responses during indoor cycling, but outdoor cycling offered superior benefits in motivation, enjoyment, and future engagement intentions. No significant differences were found between VRC and ERC in promoting intentions for outdoor activities, suggesting both technologies could be equally effective
Effectiveness of a 5‐week virtual reality versus traditional training on balance and flexibility in healthy adult females
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 5-week virtual reality training protocol on static and dynamic balance and flexibility compared to a traditional training protocol in healthy adult females. Methods: Twenty-one healthy female adults (age, 49.81 ± 2.99 years) were randomly assigned into three groups: Virtual Reality (VR; n = 7) that performed a 5-week exergame training protocol; Traditional Training (TR; n = 7) that performed a specific training protocol on balance, and lower limbs and abdominal strength; and waitlist control group (CG; n = 7) that continued their daily activities without any type of structured physical activity. Static balance was assessed by the ellipse area and statokinesigram parameters (Romberg test, in the open-eye (OE) and closed-eye (CE)), dynamic balance by the star excursion balance test on the right and left leg, and flexibility by the sit and reach test. Results: After the intervention, VR and TR groups showed a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance and flexibility (all p < 0.001) compared to the CG. Compared to TR, the VR training protocol showed greater effect sizes and was more effective in percentage terms on all measured variables, particularly for Sit and Reach (82% vs. 35%), except the OE Area (42% vs. 49%). Conclusions: Findings suggest that both a 5-week VR training protocol and a 5-week TR protocol may significantly improve static and dynamic balance and flexibility in healthy female adults. The VR training protocol showed a greater effect size compared to the TR training protocol, although it was not statistically significant. Future randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size and longer training protocols are needed to confirm this finding
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