1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Public Health, and the Elusive Target of Human Rights
No full textThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) sets in motion a wide range of programs that substantially affected the health system in the United States and signify a moderate but important regulatory shift in the role of the federal government in public health. This article briefly addresses two interesting policy paradoxes about the ACA. First, while the legislation primarily addresses health care financing and insurance and establishes only a few initiatives directly targeting public health, the ACA nevertheless has the potential to produce extensive public health benefits across the United States population by improving access to health care and services and reducing cost. Essentially, the ACA does not take the explicit form of a public health law but instead strives to advance public health indirectly through its effects. Second, while the ACA does not establish a right to health - or even a right to health insurance - in the United States, it does set in motion a number of significant structural and normative changes to United States law that comport with the attainment of the right to health. Most significantly, key provisions of the bill are designed to improve availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of conditions necessary for health, and to prompt the government to respect, protect, and fulfill these conditions. These developments mean that, to a degree, the United States essentially has undertaken the same types of legal and policy steps that a country would be required to take to uphold the right to health without actually recognizing the right to health in any formal or legally binding way. Despite these dual paradoxes and the upside potential for public health improvements resulting from the ACA, the public health impact of the law remains uncertain and will be decided by numerous subsequent regulatory and implementation decisions. The ACA authorizes multiple federal agencies to engage in rulemaking, a process that will largely dictate the systemic and health impacts that will become its legacy. This reality opens up ample opportunity to bolster public health aspects and interpretations of the law, and to simultaneously augment the corresponding components of the right to health
Pursuing Climate Justice: Learning the Lessons of the COVID-19 Response
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis have many parallels. Both are large disruptive events that pose foundational threats to humanity through the capacity to cause substantial harm and death to humans. Both pose complex and multifaceted challenges perpetuated by multiple factors that are difficult to interrupt or mitigate. Both are subject to evolving scientific understandings of their underlying causes and potential interventions. Both are novel challenges not previously faced by most humans alive today that comprise potential threats to human society over an extended time period. These similarities allow scholars and policymakers to extrapolate and understand how the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic could inform responses to the much larger threat presented by the climate crisis.
These two crises differ in substantial ways as well. The COVID-19 pandemic arises from an infectious disease caused by the spread of a novel virus, while the climate crisis stems from the rampant accretion of carbon dioxide from the combustion and release of carbon-based fuels by humans. Addressing these primary causes will require very distinct technologies and strategies. Yet, many of the systemic conditions that need to be navigated for an effective response—particularly legal, political, and social factors that dictate the contours of what is possible in our society—are the same or similar for both crises. These crises also differ in scope and duration. The impact and length of the COVID-19 pandemic likely will be dwarfed by the climate crisis, which will impose severe impacts on human societies for generations to come.
Nevertheless, the lessons from the COVID-19 response can illuminate a path forward to more effectively address the challenges of the climate crisis. Successfully mitigating the future risks of the climate crisis will require learning from, and applying different approaches to, many of the same areas where the legal and political governance of the COVID-19 response faltered. The lessons of the COVID-19 response can act as both a cautionary tale and a roadmap for a better future response. This Article identifies areas where important legal and policy reforms can reverse failed approaches used during the COVID-19 response, build on successful COVID-19 response strategies, and yield better outcomes that can help pursue and secure climate justice going forward.
Successful adaptation to a warming climate will require significant changes to our society and the thoughtful, proactive application of law and policy that fosters inclusive governance and health equity. If we heed its lessons, the COVID-19 pandemic may provide us with insights to fortify our social support infrastructure, reorient our priorities, invest in forward-looking technological and social changes, and reinforce our imagination and our solidarity to render our society more adaptable to the risks—both expected and unexpected—that the future holds
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