1,720,996 research outputs found
Genetic engineering in tomato
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has evolved from Solanum pimpinellifolium during the crop evolution process (Ali et al., 2014). Its dual nature makes it the opposite of being a fruit or a vegetable. Tomato holds high nutritional importance harboring antioxidants that help in controlling cancer and cardiac disorders (Kang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022). Tomato germplasm resources (Germplasm Resources Information Network, AVRDC) in various parts of the world inhabit tomato seed stocks hosting huge genetic variation. Legitimate breeding technologies utilized by institutes, universities, and individual efforts have produced significant breeding lines and hybrids, i.e., the mountain series from North Carolina, with useful results. Other breeding programs adopted at various corporations, such as Heinz, Monsanto, Bejoseed, and BHN Seed, have attempted to improve both the physical and qualitative characteristics of tomato, along with biotic and abiotic resistance. The tomato genome sequencing project has generated a database of genomic sequences (Mueller, 2009; Ramanujan, 2007). Later, the complete genome of a tomato cultivar called “Heinz” was published in 2012 in Nature (
Sato et al., 2012
). Since other fruits like apples, bananas, melons, and strawberries express similar characteristics and genes, the published genome has been reported to help improve the food quality, security and costs of production in all such fruit types (
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/May12/TomatoSeq.html
).
Genetic modification in tomatoes has increased its use at a high scale by improving the desired traits. Altering its various traits, its ripening period has been manipulated thus increasing its shelf life (Redenbaugh et al., 1992). Scientists have, for a long, been trying to improve tomatoes against pests and environmental stresses through agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques (Huang et al., 2023). The genetic manipulation in higher plants has an immense attraction on account of being the source of staple foodstuffs including essential dietary components, e.g., carotenoids. Genetic engineering of different metabolites has paved the way for deeper insights into developing transgenic varieties, containing a relatively higher level of lycopene b-carotene and xanthophylls (Kang et al., 2022; Rivero et al., 2022; Fraser and Bramley, 2004). However, the success of such engineered compounds has been lessened by the endogenous carotenoid pathways in higher plants (Fraser et al., 2009). Isoprenoid synthesis through constitutive overexpression of a bacterial phytoene desaturase has also been used to generate high b-carotene tomato varieties (Römer et al., 2000)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Drought stress and morphophysiological responses in plants
No full textMore than 80% of the world's population is entirely dependent on the food grown on land. Environmental changes like global warming and low precipitation result in low water availability to crops. Drought stress is a severe problem that is causing massive yield and quality reduction due to environmental changes. Crops, when exposed to drought, result in aberration in their morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Drought affects yield, growth, reproduction, and development of crops. Drought also reduces chlorophyll content and pigments necessary for photosynthesis. Prolonged closing of stomata leads to CO2 deficiency, which adversely affects photosynthesis. Oxidative stress results in severe damage to plants. Plant induces its defensive mechanism in order to avoid any kind of deadly damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Reduction of transpiration and leaf rolling are the basic responses to reduce water loss and combat adverse conditions due to drought. Tolerant plants have adapted themselves by deep root system, leaf rolling, hormonal signaling, and efficient transpiration. The objective of this review is to develop an understanding about the adverse effects caused by drought and various adaptive measures taken up by plants to minimize these adverse effects
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Genome-wide analysis of heavy metal ATPases (<i>HMAs</i>) in Poaceae species and their potential role against copper stress in <i>Triticum aestivum</i>
No full textPlants require copper for normal growth and development and have evolved an efficient system for copper management based on transport proteins such as P1B-ATPases, also known as heavy metal ATPases (HMAs). Here, we report HMAs in eleven different Poaceae species, including wheat. Furthermore, the possible role of wheat HMAs in copper stress was investigated. BlastP searches identified 27 HMAs in wheat, and phylogenetic analysis based on the Maximum Likelihood method demonstrated a separation into four distinct clades. Conserved motif analysis, domain identification, gene structure, and transmembrane helices number were also identified for wheat HMAs using computational tools. Wheat seedlings grown hydroponically were subjected to elevated copper and demonstrated toxicity symptoms with effects on fresh weight and changes in expression of selected HMAs TaHMA7, TaHMA8, and TaHMA9 were upregulated in response to elevated copper, suggesting a role in wheat copper homeostasis. Further investigations on these heavy metal pumps can provide insight into strategies for enhancing crop heavy metal tolerance in the face of heavy metal pollution
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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