1,720,968 research outputs found
Environmental and economic benefits due to substitution of traditional cooking stoves in Mozambique
No full textEmissions derived from inefficient biomass burning have an important impact on climate change. Around 3 million people in the world use solid biomass such as wood and charcoal for cooking. This study provides an analysis of emission mitigation potential due to the replacement of traditional charcoal stoves with more efficient cook stoves in one area of Maputo, in Mozambique. Fuel consumption reduction has been estimated using a data collection campaign in the project area. The results show that daily fuel consumption has decreased from 2.57 kg to 0.53 kg per day and family. The total carbon emission reduction has been estimated in 627 tons in all the project area. The use of efficient stoves results in gas emissions reduction of around 12,466 tons of CO2 equivalent during 2015. Charcoal production processes are extremely inefficient in Mozambique and the ratio from charcoal to wood is of 1/6. Considering that the average quantity of biomass available per hectare in Miombo forests in Mozambique, the usual supply area, is of 50,5 tons per hectare, the reduction in charcoal consumption, as a result of efficient stove use, results in a forest cutting reduction of 13 hectares. In addition, the use of environmentally efficient stoves has also important economic effects for local families, each of which saving approximately 168 $ yearly. This study represents the first phase of a wider research project in which the analyses are to be extended to other areas of Mozambique and other fuel supply chains
Carbon Footprint of artisanal pasta production: a case study
No full textCaso studio sulle emissioni associate alla produzione di pasta artigianal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Analisi d'impatto ambientale per tre sistemi di confezionamento dell'olio extra vergine di oliva di qualità
No full textSono stati valutati gli impatti ambientali di tre sistemi di packaging (lattina, bottiglia in vetro e bottiglia in acciaio) pensati per garantire la corretta conservazione dell'olio extra-vergine di oliva
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analysis of two vegetation maintenance operations in a historical park in Florence
No full textLawn mowing and hedge pruning are two important operations in urban green areas maintenance. The aim of the current work is monitoring and characterize these operations in an historical park in term of required time, energy and quality. Lawn mowing has been characterized in two cuts and two different machines (with a manual 2-stroke engine brush cutter for finishing).
Mowing conditions and working area affect the time required for the work. It ranged between the minimum of 56.3 m2/min and the maximum of 81.75 m2/min. Consistently, energy consumptions ranged between the minimum of 0.012 MJ/m2 and the maximum of 0.041 MJ/m2. On the other hand, the brush cutter worked at the constant value of about 8.0 m2/min.
The hedge pruning has been characterized on plants pruned 18 months and 12 months ago. Two different hedge trimmers have been tested: an electric trimmer and a 2-stroke engine trimmer. First of all, the following parameters have been measured: working times, removed biomass, energy consumption. Then, a methodology for the evaluation of the working quality of trimmers, based on visual assessment, has been developed.
The time required for the pruning of 1 m of hedge was about 30 s for both machines. On the other hand, energy consumptions were strongly different. The electric trimmer required 2.73 KJ/m while the 2-stroke one 111.03 KJ/m. Cut quality was not affected by the used hedge trimmer. On the other hand, the 18 months hedge was less damaged by the cutting than the 12 months one
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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