1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Improvement of tunnel device by mechanical treatment
No full textLAUREA SPECIALISTICAIl dispositivo composto da multistrati di metallo-isolante-semiconduttore (MIS)
è usato per l'emissione di elettroni caldi mediante e etto tunnel. I dispositivi MIS
sono usati dal Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università Tecnica della Danimarca come
puri emettitori di elettroni o per la loro applicabilità nella Femtochimica Super -
ciale tramite elettroni caldi. L'e etto tunnel è descritto teoricamente tramite il
tunneling di Fowler-Nordheim. Il dispositivi a multistrato hanno un'area attiva
larga di 1cm2e sono composti da un substrato di Si drogato n, da un sottilissimo
strato di SiO2 (55 Å) cresciuto tramite trattamento termico e da un lm molto
sottile di metallo, per esempio 5-7Ådi Ti/70Ådi Au oppure 200Ådi Pt a seconda
dell'utilizzo. In questa tesi i dispositivi MIS sono stati studiati con l'obbiettivo
di migliorarne l'emissione elettronica attraverso la creazione di piccoli buchi sulla
super cie, con la conseguente riduzione locale dello spessore del lm metallico e
ottenendo così dei punti caldi con maggiore corrente di emissione.
Sono state fatte misure test di distribuzione di voltaggio su pochi punti dislocati
della super cie del dispositivo usando un motor step; dopodichè il porcesso è stato
automatizzato e ottimizzato ottenendo una quasi totale copertura della superi ce
di metallo interessata alla misura. Si è così potuto dimostrare come la super cie di
metallo distribuisce localmente il calore acquisito dal passaggio di corrente mediante
una di erenza di potenziale applicata ai bordi del layer di metallo.
Ho progettato e costruito il sistema utilizzato per la realizzazione di buchi sulla
superifcie del dispositivo composto dal motor step e dall'attuatore piezoelettrico.
I buchi sulla super cie sono stati fatti utilizzando l'attuatore piezoelettrico, ma
prima di fare questo ho dovuto calibrare ogni singolo movimento del motor step
utilizzando un microscopio ottico e un AFM con lo scopo di poter capire quale
tipo di attuatore piezoelettrico sarebbe stato consono al nostro dispositivo per procedere
alla formazione dei buchi sulla super cie. Si è tarato anche allungamento
dell'attuatore piezoelettrico applicandogli una serie di di erenti tensioni elettriche e
controllanodo ogni allungamento tramite un AFM, potendo così disegnarne la funzione
caratteristica che mette in relazione l'allungamento dell'attutatore piezoelettrico
con la tensione applicata. Con l'impiego del motor step aggiunto all'attuatore
piezoelettrico si sono fatti i primi buchi misurando con l'AFM la loro profondità
in dipendenza dal voltaggio applicato e garantendo in ne la possibilità di creare
dei buchi con una profonditá minore di 20 nm, minore dello spessore del lm di
metallo.
La caratterizzazione elettrica del dispositivo tramite curve corrente-tensione
ci ha permesso di dimostrare il suo funzionamento anche dopo l'applicazione di
buchi sulla super cie del metallo, profondi abbastanza da non raggiungere il lm
di ossido e da non rompere così l'intero dispositivo. Le curve corrente-tensione
sui wafer hanno confermato l'e etto tunneling descritto teoricamente da Fowler-
Nordheim prima e dopo la presenza dei buchi. In ne esperimenti di emissione di
corrente sulla device con i buchi in super cie non sono state eseguite per mancanza
di tempo, ma sono state menzionate le loro principali caratteristiche mostrando che
in realtà ci sarebbero tutti i buoni presupposti per aspettarsi un incremento della
corrente di emissione sui dispositivi MIS bucati in super cie.The Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor multilayer (MIS) are used for hot electron
emission through tunnel e ect. The MIS device are used at the Department of
Physics of the Technical University of Denmark like a pure electron emitter or for
their applicability for Hot Electron Fentochemestry at Surfaces. The tunnel e ect
is described theoretically by the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The Metal-Insulator-
Semiconductor multilayer devices have ultralarge active areas of 1 cm2 and consist
of an n-doped Si substrate, an ultrathin (55 Å) thermally grown SiO2 layer and a
very thin metallic lm, that could be for instance a Ti layer of 5-7 Å with 70 Å
Au or a thicker Pt lm of 200 Å depending on their applications. In this thesis
the MIS have been studied in order to improve their electron emission through the
creation of a very small holes on their surfaces, with locally reducing of the metallic
thickness obtaining at the end some hot points with more emission current.
A few test point measurements of voltage distribution have been done on spaced
points of the surface of the devices using a stepper motor, and then the procedure
has been automated and optimized covering almost the entire metallic area. So I have been demonstrated how the metal surface locally distributes the heat acquired
by the passage of current through it caused by the application of a potential
di erence applied to the edges of the metallic layer.
I designed and manufactured a system to make the holes on the device composed
from a step motor and a piezo-actuator. The holes on the surface has been done
using a piezo-actuator, but before this I had to calibrate every single movemente of
the step motor and this has been carried out with the use of an optical microscope
and an AFM in order to predict which kind of piezoelectric actuator was necessary
for the creation of the holes on the surface. The stretching of the piezoelectric
actuator has been calibrated too, appling a signi cant number of voltages to the
piezo-actuator and checking its stretching using the AFM and at the end I could
plot its characteristic function, by relating the stretching of the piezo-actuator under
an speci c applied voltage. Using the piezoelectric actuator in combination with
the motor step it has been possible to dig lines of holes and afterwards, with the
help of the AFM, their depth was measured demonstrating its variation on di erent
applied voltage to the piezo-actuator; the goal of creating holes deep even less than
200 Å, the thickenss of the metal layer, was then achieved.
The electrical characterization of the device through current-voltage curves
con rmed that it properly worked even after the application of some holes on the
metal surface, depth enough without reach the oxide layer and so don't break the
entire device. The voltage-corrent curves supported the descrition of the Fowler-
Nordheim tunneling through the wafers with and without holes. At the end the
electron emission curves on my device with holes has not been made for lack of time
but the principal features of it are mentioned to show that there is every reason to
think that the device with holes could improve the electron emission
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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