1,720,986 research outputs found
E-beam crosslinked nanogels conjugated with monoclonal antibodies in targeting strategies
No full textPoly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-based-nanogels (NGs), produced by e-beam irradiation, are conjugated with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the development of an effective targeting purposes. The uptake of immuno-functionalized nanogels is tested in an endothelial cell line, ECV 304, using confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. Intracellular localization studies reveal a faster uptake of the immuno-nanogel complex with respect to the “bare” nanogel. The specific internalization pathway of these immuno-nanogels is clarified by selective endocytosis inhibition experiments, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Active targeting ability is also verified by conjugating a monoclonal antibody which recognizes the αvβ3 integrin on activated endothelial cells. Epifluorescence images of the “wound healing assay” on ECV304 cells reveals an exclusive localization of nanogels in the target cells. Thus, the immuno-nanogels have the potential to recognize specific cell types in a heterogeneous system, which makes them suitable for targeted drug delivery applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Polymeric and bio-hybrid nanovectors for drug delivery and imaging devices.
Full text linkNanotechnology applied to the Medicine is providing new tools to the current
therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to fight cancer and other diseases. However,
many of the proposed nanodevices show some deficits related to both their inherent
properties and performance, and the synthetic strategies proposed for their
production.
In the present work, a new promising approach based on e-beam radiation-induced
radical crosslinking of a water soluble, biocompatible synthetic polymer has been
developed. In particular, the possibility of generating Poly-N-(Vinyl-
Pyrrolidone)(PVP)-based nanocarriers, i.e. nanogels with a base PVP structure,
tailored physico-chemical properties (particles size distribution, surface charge
density) and multifunctionality has been explored. A thorough product analysis on
the generated nanoparticles through different characterization techniques, such as
dynamic and static light scattering, photo-correlation spectroscopy, FT-IR, Raman,
solid state NMR and XPS spectroscopies, SEM and AFM, has been carried. PVPbased
nanogels have been then used as building blocks for the assembly of tumortarget
“composite” nanodevices. “Model” ligands with various biological functions
and drugs have been conjugated to the nanogels. Moreover, the biocompatibility and
localization pattern of the nanocarriers in cell cultures have been evaluated.
It has been demonstrated that all the NGs produced are biocompatible and able to
be internalized by cells. Furthermore, the many functional groups grafted on the
NGs are available for coupling reactions with bioactive molecules, such as targeting
moieties, drugs and metal-ions chelating agents. This collective evidence validates
the generated nanostructures for the intent they have been designed for, i.e. as
nanocarriers in the biomedical field.
E-beam irradiation using industrial type accelerators has demonstrated to be a
viable manufacturing process since it grants high yields in terms of recovered
product and high throughputs. Moreover, through a proper selection of the
experimental parameters, this approach has allowed to obtain NGs with the desired
properties, in terms of size, surface charge density, degree of crosslinking and functionality.
All the evidences collected in this study, in terms of favorable properties-byprocess
of the nanostructures generated and inherent advantages in the
manufacturing process developed, can represent the fundaments for a further
development and evaluation of this versatile “nanomaterial platform” for the
treatment and diagnosis of various diseases, and cancer in particular
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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