1,721,024 research outputs found
IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF A CRANBERRY VACCINIUM MACROCARPON EXTRACT AGAINST EBOLA VIRUS AND RABIES VIRUS
No full textEmerging and reemerging viral infections represent a major concern for human and veterinary public health and there is an urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. We have recently observed that a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extract, which contains high levels of A2-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-A2), inhibits influenza A and B viruses
[1], herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 [2], and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus [3] in vitro replication by interfering with the adhesion/internalization stage of the viral life cycle. In this work, we have evaluated the antiviral activity of the cranberry extract against two highly pathogenic viruses, such as Ebola Virus (EBOV) and Rabies Virus (RABV).
To evaluate the antiviral activity of the cranberry extract, a recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (pVSV) vector expressing the luciferase reporter was adopted. The pVSV was pseudotyped either with the EBOV or RABV glycoproteins. Time-of-addition, viral attachment,and entry assays were performed on Vero CCL-81 in the presence of different concentrations of the cranberry extract. Finally, experiments with infectious EBOV and RABV were performed to validate the results obtained with pseudovirus. The cranberry extract showed an inhibitory activity against both the pVSV-EBOV and pVSV-RABV infection. Treating target cells or the pseudovirus with the compound before or during the infection phase determined a significant reduction of viral infectivity. In contrast, only a modest inhibition was detected when cells were treated with the extract after
virus internalization. The antiviral activity of the cranberry extract was confirmed against the live EBOV, while experiments are ongoing for RABV. In Conclusions: - The cranberry extract inhibits EBOV and RABV infection acting at the early stages of
their replicative cycles. - This broad-spectrum antiviral activity suggests this cranberry extract (or its components)
as a promising antiviral candidate against emerging and re-emerging viral infections.
References
1. Luganini, A., Terlizzi, M. E., Catucci, G., Gilardi, G., Maffei, M. E., & Gribaudo, G. The Cranberry Extract Oximacro
® Exerts in vitro Virucidal Activity Against Influenza Virus by Interfering With Hemagglutinin. Front
Microbiol. 2018, 9, 1826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01826.
2. Terlizzi, M. E., Occhipinti, A., Luganini, A., Maffei, M. E., & Gribaudo, G. Inhibition of herpes simplex type 1 and
type 2 infections by Oximacro®, a cranberry extract with a high content of A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs-
A). Antiviral Res. 2016, 132, 154–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.06.006.
3. Mirandola, M., Salvati, M.V., Rodigari, C., Appelberg, K. S., Mirazimi, A., Maffei, M. E., Gribaudo, G., Salata, C.
Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Extract Impairs Nairovirus Infection by Inhibiting the Attachment to
Tar-get Cells. Pathogens. 2021 Aug 13;10(8):1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081025
Time-dependent differential effects of natural and recombinant murine interferon-gamma on ornithine decarboxylase activity of tumor cells
No full text: Incubation of quiescent tumor cells with fetal calf serum induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODCase) activity concomitantly with mitogenic stimulation. Pretreatment of cells with highly purified natural or recombinant murine interferon-gamma (MuIFN-gamma) for 5 h caused a dose-dependent increase of ODCase activity induced by fetal calf serum (FCS). Pretreatment of target cells with IFN-gamma for 5 h in absence of FCS stimulation did not induce ODCase activity. When pretreatment of cells with natural or recombinant MuIFN-gamma was prolonged for 18 h both ODCase activity and DNA synthesis induced by FCS were suppressed. By contrast when a mixture of MuIFN-alpha and -beta was used, ODCase activity was significantly suppressed after 5 h pretreatment compared to untreated controls. These results suggest that IFN-gamma exerts a differential effect on mitogen-stimulated events depending on the dose and the time of addition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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