1,721,083 research outputs found
Il territorio di Sestu (CA) in epoca preistorica e protostorica
No full textThis study gives a comprehensive review about prehistoric and proto-historic documentation of the territory of Sestu, in the neighbourhoods of Cagliari (south Sardinia), along about sixty years of archaeological studies and researches: by these it appears a rich human presence with many settlements in the whole area since Recent Neolithic to Nuragic Age. This study is also propaedeutical for next studies, including elaborated images, in partnership with all the qualified Institutions, to reach a better knowledge about the ancient human presence and the environment in the agricultural lands of Campidano of Cagliari
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Somatostatin plasma levels and biological effects following subcutaneous administration of somatostatin in man
No full textbeta-cell function in morbidly obese subjects during free living - Long-term effects of weight loss
No full textInsulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance are physiologically linked features of obesity. We tested whether extreme hypersecretion impairs beta-cell function under free-living conditions and whether major weight loss modifies insulin hypersecretion, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function. Plasma glucose, C-peptide, and free fatty acid concentrations were measured at hourly intervals during 24 h of normal life (including calorie-standardized meals) in 20 morbidly obese nondiabetic patients (BMI 48.4 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)) and 7 nonobese age- and sex-matched control subjects; 8 of the obese patients were restudied 6 months and 2 years following biliopancreatic diversion. Insulin secretion was reconstructed from C-peptide levels by deconvolution and related to concurrent glucose levels through a mathematical model incorporating key features of beta-cell function: rate sensitivity, beta-cell glucose sensitivity, and potentiation. Insulin sensitivity (by the euglycemic insulin clamp technique) was reduced by 50% in obese subjects (23.1 +/- 2.5 of obese subjects vs. 52.9 +/- 4.9 mu mol (.) min(-1) (.) kg(FFM)(-1) of control subjects, means +/- SE, P = 0.0004) as was mean 24-h insulin clearance (median 809 [interquartile range 451] vs. 1,553 [520] ml (.) min-(1) m(-2), P < 0.001) due to a 50% reduction in hepatic insulin extraction (P < 0.01). Over 24 h, insulin secretion was doubled in obese subjects (468 nmol [202] in obese subjects vs. 235 [85] of control subjects, P = 0.0002). Despite the hypersecretion, beta-cell glucose sensitivity, rate sensitivity, and potentiation were similar in obese and control subjects. Six months postoperatively (weight loss = 33 3 kg), both insulin hypersecretion (282 nmol [213]) and insulin sensitivity (51.6 +/- 3.7 mu mol (.) min(-1) (.) kg(FFM)(-1)) were normalized. At 2 years (weight loss = 50 8 kg), insulin sensitivitiy was supernormal (68.7 +/- 3.3 mu mol (.) min(-1) (.) kg(FFM)(-1)) and insulin secretion was lower than normal (167 nmol [37]) (both P < 0.05 vs. control subjects). In conclusion, severe uncomplicated obesity is characterized by gross insulin hypersecretion and insulin resistance, but the dynamic aspects of beta-cell function are intact. Malabsorptive bariatric surgery corrects both the insulin hypersecretion and the insulin resistance at a time when BMI is still high. With continued weight loss over a 2-year period, moderately obese subjects become supersensitive to insulin and, correspondingly, insulin hyposecretors
Three months of abstinence from alcohol normalizes energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in alcoholics: a longitudinal study
No full textObjective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition in alcoholics during addiction and after several months of abstinence.
Methods:
A total of 32 alcoholics without liver cirrhosis and malabsorption were consecutively recruited. A total of 55 social drinkers, matched for gender and height, were studied as a control group. Anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis were performed to assess body composition, and indirect calorimetry was used to measure basal metabolic rate (BMR) and substrate oxidation. Total abstinence was then achieved in 15 subjects. At 1, 2, 3, and 6 months of abstinence, the metabolic variables and the energy intake were re-examined.
Results:
At enrollment (T0) alcoholics compared to controls showed a significant decrease in body mass index (22.2 ± 2.71 vs 23.6 ± 1.3 kg/m2; p < 0.05), fat mass (14.1 ± 4.5 vs 16.7 ± 3.3 kg; p < 0.01), an increased BMR normalized by fat-free mass (34.5 ± 3.7 vs 32.1 ± 2.01 kcal/kg/day; p < 0.01), a lower nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ: 0.76 ± 0.03 vs 0.83 ± 0.03; p < 0.001), with a consequently higher lipid oxidation (0.08 ± 0.02 vs 0.04 ± 0.02 g/min; p < 0.01), and a lower carbohydrate oxidation (0.05 ± 0.02 vs 0.10 ± 0.03 g/min; p < 0.01). Although at 1 and 2 months of abstinence the metabolic parameters had improved, only after 3 months of abstinence did alcoholics show values of body mass index (23.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2), fat mass (17.0 ± 5.34 kg), BMR/fat-free mass (33.1 ± 2.78 kcal/kg/day), npRQ (0.82 ± 0.02), lipid oxidation (0.05 ± 0.03 g/min) and carbohydrate oxidation (0.11 ± 0.04 g/min) comparable to those of controls; these values remained constant at 6 months.
Conclusions:
Three months of abstinence from alcohol could represent the minimum time necessary to obtain a normalization of the metabolic variables considered and of the nutritional status for these patients, probably related to a regression of the functional alterations of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and of mitochondria secondary to chronic ethanol abuse
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
beta-cell function in severely obese type 2 diabetic patients - Long-term effects of bariatric surgery
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