1,721,166 research outputs found
Programma elettorale versus indirizzo ideologico
No full textLa crisi dei grandi partiti di massa ha messo in discussione il ruolo dell'indirizzo ideologico come riferimento nella formazione del consenso. I partiti anziché cimentarsi in una nuova riflessione sul mondo hanno preferito optare per la sostituzione dell'indirizzo ideologico con il programma elettorale, spinti anche dalle scelte in materia elettorale. La soluzione tuttavia non pare soddisfare in termini di "rapporto" rappresentativo
Trasporto aereo. Il “dogma” del servizio pubblico
No full textIl trasporto aereo è stato interessato da una serie di interventi a livello europeo poi trasposti nell'ordinamento interno che ne hanno determinato la liberalizzazione e poi la privatizzazione. La disciplina del settore votata alla creazione di un mercato sempre più concorrenziale, tuttavia conosce degli istituti volti a salvaguardare interessi ulteriori, contemplando esternalità negative per la loro soddisfazione
Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Human Angiostatin.
No full textAngiogenesis a fundamental process in tissue development and it’s directly correlated with tumor growth and aggressivity. The multimodular protein angiostatin physiologically inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing endothelial cell growth and migration (1). Being angiostatin already in clinical trials, it is essential to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of inhibition.
The scanning force microscope in the force spectroscopy mode allows to mechanically unfold multimodular proteins by working at the single molecule level. In a recent work (2) we have demonstrated by means of single molecule force spectroscopy that angiostatin mechanical properties can be modulated by the controlled reduction of its internal disulfide bonds.
Here we demonstrate by force spectroscopy techniques that angiostatin disulphide bonds reduction can be performed by human thioredoxin, an extracellular reductase overexpressed in the proximity of tumor tissues. This result indicate that angiostatin mechanical properties might be modulated in vivo and that angiostatin might play a mechanochemical role in angiogenesis.
We investigated the dependence of the unfolding forces on the natural logarithm of the pulling speed, we performed kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of the stretching experiments and (in collaboration with R. Casadio and E. Capriotti, University of Bologna) we carried out steered molecular dynamics simulations of the forced unfolding of angiostatin domains (3). All of this allowed us to map the free energy profile along the unfolding pathway and to identify a structural unfolding intermediate that could play a mechanochemical role in the activity of angiostatin.
1. Folkman, J. (2002) Semin Oncol 29, 15-18.
2. Bustanji, Y., and Samorì, B. (2002) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 1546-1548.
3. Carrion-Vazquez, M., Oberhauser, A. F., Fowler, S. B., Marszalek, P. E., Broedel, S. E., Clarke, J., and Fernandez, J. M. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 3694-3699
A Formal Model for Temporal Schema Versioning in Object-Oriented Databases
No full textIn this paper we present a formal model for the support of temporal schema versions in object-oriented databases. Its definition is partially based on a generic (ODMG compatible)object model and partially introduces new concepts. The proposed model supports all the schema changes which are usually considered in the OODB literature, for which an operational semantics and a formal analysis of their correct behaviour is provided. Semantic issues arising from the introduction of temporal schema versioning in a conventional or temporal database (concerning the interaction between the intensional and extensional levels of versioning and the management of data in the presence of multiple schema versions) are also considered
L’inquinamento atmosferico
No full textIl manuale traccia un quadro chiaro, aggiornato e dettagliato, del diritto dell’ambiente tenendo conto delle più recenti modifiche del diritto comunitario e del diritto costituzionale italiano. Dopo aver definito i principi, le nozioni giuridiche fondamentali e le fonti della disciplina, esamina le competenze dei soggetti coinvolti - dagli organismi internazionali all’Unione europea, dallo stato alle regioni e agli enti locali - per poi concentrarsi sulle materie ambientali, sulle condizioni di utilizzazione e sui limiti dei principali strumenti di intervento.Environmental Law handbook draws an updated and detailed picture of the most recent European and Italian environmental amendments. The handbook explains the principles of the legislation and the different legal concepts, analysing the jurisdiction of the several Bodies involved - such as the European Union, International Organizations, States, Regions and Local Authorities as well - focused on the different environmental issues and on the specific fields
Usability Testing on Tractor’s HMI: A Study Protocol
No full textThe success of a human-machine interface (HMI) heavily depends on its usability. An highly usable interface allows the user to more easily achieve his/her goals and in general have a better User eXperience (UX). In work environments, a structured and ready-to-use usability testing protocol can encourage companies to carry out this type of study and focus on UX from the early design phases. Even though numerous methods to test usability exist, industrial companies still have great difficulties to apply them and choose the best ones for the specific purposes. They should be guided into the analysis by a universal step-by-step approach, which helps also not experienced designers selecting the most reliable and useful methods among the available ones. In this direction, the paper proposes a structured protocol to focus on UX and guide companies in testing setup, execution and debriefing in an easy and quick way. Checklists are defined to help during user testing and assure its success. As a consequence, end users can be easily involved to give an added value in design problems identification. The novelty of this paper is the definition of a ready-to-use study protocol that can also be used by non-usability experts, in order to make them familiar with UX analysis and extend this practice also in industrial HMI design. As validation, the proposed protocol was applied to the design of interfaces for agricultural tractors during two different stages of the HMI redesign process
Conversion of XML schema design styles with StyleVolution
Full text linkPurpose – Any XML schema definition can be organized according to one of the following design styles: “Russian Doll”, “Salami Slice”, “Venetian Blind” and “Garden of Eden” (with the additional “Bologna” style actually representing absence of style). Conversion from a design style to another can facilitate the reuse and exchange of schema specifications encoded using the XML schema language. Without any computer-aided engineering support, style conversions must be performed very carefully as they are difficult and error-prone operations. The purpose of this paper is to efficiently deal with such XML schema design style conversions. Design/methodology/approach – A general approach, named StyleVolution, for automatic management of XML schema design style conversions, is proposed. StyleVolution is equipped with a suite of seven procedures: four for converting a valid XML schema from any other design style to the “Garden of Eden” style, which has been chosen as a normalized XML schema format, and three for converting from the “Garden of Eden” style to any of the other desired design styles. Findings – Procedures, algorithms and methods for XML schema design style conversions are presented. The feasibility of the approach has been shown through the encoding (using the XQuery language) and the testing (with the Altova XMLSpy 2019 tool) of a suite of seven ready-to-use procedures. Moreover, four test procedures are provided for checking the conformance of a given inputXML schema to a schema design style. Originality/value – The proposed approach implements a new technique for efficiently managing XML schema design style conversions, which can be used to make any given XML schema file to conform to a desired design style
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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