1,720,958 research outputs found
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE
No full textGrace Rathnam* and Santhosh D
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Optimization of Systemic Nasal Delivery of Progesterone using Polyacrylic Acid Based Gels
Get PDFIn this study, CDs significantly enhanced the nasal absorption of progesterone in rabbits. From these results it is suggested that the absorption enhancing effect is mediated through the solubility enhancing and permeation enhancing properties of the CDs. Similar results have been reported by Henry131 et al in which dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin is used in nasal product containing 17-β-estradiol. The solubilized 17-β-estradiol gave significantly higher nasal bioavailability in rabbits as compared to non-suspension formulations. A similar work by Merkus145 et al demonstrated that formulation in which dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin was used to solubilize progesterone for nasal delivery has been tested in human volunteers and has been shown to result
in blood levels of progesterone comparable to those after intravenous administration.
In addition to the solubilizing and stabilizing effects of the cyclodextrins, these materials may also have an absorption enhancing effect on the nasal membrane. Gu72 et al investigated the solubilization of prostaglandin with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin. The complex first increased the solubility and stability of the drug which lead to increase in bioavailbility to 25% on nasal administration. In this study the effect of the CDs on the integrity of nasal mucosa was evaluated and found to be safe. This was similarly demonstrated in the study by Kazunori121 et al who showed that there was no tissue damage with 1.5% β-cyclodextrin and 10% hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin. This work stives to show the effect of the method of addition of CDs on the absorption enhancement properties on the nasal mucosa. The progesterone absorption-enhancing effect of CDs showed a trend towards its method of addition either as a complex or as a physical mixture.
Gels have been used for quite a long time as drug carriers and recent advances in gel and polymer technology have attracted researchers’ interest in these polymeric systems. The nasal route was no exception. The nasal route for administration of gels for systemic delivery of progesterone is proved to be an effective mode of drug delivery. The increased bioavailability of progesterone following nasal instillation of the gel formulation using bioadhesive PAA polymers along with beta cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin, together with
observed minor toxicity demonstrate the potential of these nasal gels to systemically deliver the hormone. PAA polymers are a promising drug delivery system for the steroidal hormone progesterone, which enhances nasal residence time owing to increased viscosity and mucoadhesive characteristics; furthermore PAA polymers
along with absorption enhancers beta cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin exhibit permeation enhancing effect.
Gels for nasal delivery require careful study because of the special delivery required. According to this work the formulative approaches for improving nasal delivery of progesterone consist in the use of suitable absorption enhancers. As cyclodextrins were chosen for absorption enhancement, the method of addition is
important to the study. Statistical optimization reveals that addition of cyclodextrins as an inclusion complex with the drug in the gels significantly affects the absorption profile. In vivo studies in rabbits for nasal absorption of progesterone show a rapid increase in plasma levels and promising bioavailability values. Hence the formulations represent a promising and novel tool for the nasal delivery of progesterone and can be used instead of injectables for the administration of the hormone.
As drugs and biotechnology markets continue to grow, in the future we should expect a range of novel nasal products to escalate in the market. It is envisaged that these products will be used in crisis management as well as in treatment of long term conditions. Most of the drugs which will be available as nasal products in the future, are those, which at present are given as injections or have a low bioavailability and display unwanted pharmacological effects due to inappropriate dosing regimen.
In this study detailed characterizations of the formulations along with toxicological and bioavailability studies are carried out in animals which has been promising. However there is a tendency for the absorption promoting effect to be different in larger animals. Accordingly, investigations in humans are necessary in order to prove the pharmaceutical performance and allow excellence of clinical outcome
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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