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Chironomus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Chironomidae) na cidade de Manaus, AM, Brasil: taxonomia e biologia
Get PDFThe genus Chironomus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Chironomidae) is the type genus of this family. There s over than 100 species described and the wide distribution occurring in all zoogeographical regions except Antarctica. In Brazil, 16 species are known, most recorded for the Southeast region, four species are described on the Amazon: C. gigas, C. paragigas, C. strenzkei and C. latytilus. In this study, a new species of Chironomus was described and the bionomic and biometric information obtained are presented by observation under laboratory conditions. Date behavior of swarming, mating, egg development time, the larva and pupa, as well as information about the longevity of adults are knowned. Chironomus manaos sp. nov. differs from other Neotropical species by the color of the abdomen and formed the volsela be more strongly arched. The female lays on average 600 (±104.29) eggs, the egg mass is 16.6 (±3.07, n = 5) mm long and 1.59 (±0.04, n = 5) mm wide. The eggs measure 0.24 (±0.0162, n = 50) long and 0.10 (±0.0074) mm in width and the color is dark brown. The first instar larvae have a mean lenght of 54.67 (±4.17, n = 81) μm, 2th instar 93.74 (±4.47, n = 53), 3th instar 157.12 (±7.18, n = 68) μm and 4th instar 257.58 (±16.75, n = 314) μm. The growth rate of larvae follows Dyar s rule, which is in geometric progression with a mean ratio of 1.67 (±0.03). The swarm has its beginnings in the late afternoon, around about seven hours, starting intercourse that lasts a few seconds. The development time of eggs is 2 ½ days at room temperature (26°C). At hatch, the larvae remain for approximately 12 hours within the mass, where they feed. In abandoning the mass ovigerous, the larvae disperse in the substrate where they will complete their development to adult emergence. The larvae complete their development in 12 days. The pupal stage lasts 2 (±0.24) days. The duration of life adult males was 3.44 (±0.7045) days, and females of 3.22 (±0.6481) days. This species created unter laboratory conditions can be used as test organism forseveral experiments since their biology has been described in this study.Chironomus Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Chironomidae) é o gênero-tipo da família, possui mais de 100 espécies descritas e ocorre em todas as regiões zoogeográficas com exceção da Antártida. Para o Brasil são conhecidas 16 espécies, a maioria registrada para a região Sudeste, quatro espécies são reportadas para a Amazônia, C. gigas, C. paragigas, C. strenzkei e C. latistylus. No presente estudo, uma nova espécie de Chironomus é descrita e informações bionômicas e biométricas obtidas por meio de observação em condições de laboratório são apresentadas. Informações sobre o comportamento de enxameamento, acasalamento, tempo de desenvolvimento do ovo, da larva e da pupa e longevidade dos adultos são apresentadas. Chironomus manaos sp. nov. difere das demais espécies da região Neotropical pelo padrão de coloração do abdome e formato da volsela superior, que é fortemente arqueada. A fêmea deposita em média 600 (±104,3) ovos, a massa ovígera tem 16,6 (±3,1, n=5) mm de comprimento e 1,6 (±0,04, n=5) mm de largura. Os ovos medem 0,24 (±0,0162, n=50) mm de comprimento e 0,10 (±0,0074) mm de largura e são de coloração castanho-escura, no início do desenvolvimento. A larva de 1o estádio tem comprimento médio de 54,7 μm (± 4,2, n=81); 2o estádio 93,7 μm (± 4,5, n=53); 3o estádio 157,1 μm (±7,2, n=68) e 4o estádio 257,6 μm (±16,7, n=314). A razão de crescimento das larvas segue a regra de Dyar, sendo esta em progressão geométrica com razão média de 1,67 (±0,03). O enxameamento tem seu início no final da tarde, por volta das 17:00 horas, com duração aproximada de 7 horas, a cópula dura poucos segundos. O tempo de desenvolvimento do ovo é de 2,5 dias em temperatura ambiente (26°C). Ao eclodirem, as larvas permanecem por aproximadamente 12 horas dentro da massa, onde se alimentam. Ao abandonarem a massa ovígera, as larvas se dispersam no substrato onde irão completar o seu desenvolvimento, até empuparem. As larvas completam seu desenvolvimento, em média, em 10 dias. O estágio pupal tem duração de 2 (±0,24) dias. O tempo de duração de vida dos adultos machos foi de 3,44 (±0,7045) dias e, das fêmeas 3,22 (±0,6481) dias. Essa espécie criada em condições de laboratório poderá ser utilizada como organismo teste para diversos experimentos uma vez que sua biologia foi descrita no presente estudo
Insetos Associados à Mandioca, Manihot Esculenta Crantz em Três Comunidades Rurais da Amazônia.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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