1,720,984 research outputs found
Cybersecurity Issues in Electrical Protection Relays: A Systematic Review
No full textThe increasing digitalization of power systems has revolutionized the functionality and efficiency of electrical protection relays. These digital relays enhance fault detection, monitoring, and response mechanisms, ensuring the reliability and stability of power networks. However, their connectivity and reliance on communication protocols introduce significant cybersecurity risks, making them potential targets for malicious attacks. Cyber threats against digital protection relays can lead to severe consequences, including cascading failures, equipment damage, and compromised grid security. This paper presents a comprehensive review of cybersecurity challenges in digital electrical protection relays, focusing on four key areas: (1) a taxonomy of cyber attack models targeting protection relays, (2) the associated risks and their potential impact on power systems, (3) existing mitigation strategies to enhance relay security, and (4) future research directions to strengthen resilience against cyber threats
Three dimensional Finite Element Analysis in the Design of an AC-DC Converter for Arc Furnace feeding
No full textA 2D finite element procedure for magnetic analysis involving non-linear and hysteretic materials
No full textIn this paper a 2D Finite Element procedure devised to handle both soft magnetic materials and hysteretic ones, on basis of Preisach's classical approach for scalar and vector hysteresis, is presented. In the scalar case, a model identified by a reduced set of experimental data is proposed, whereas for the vector case a more demanding identification procedure is required. The resulting modular “Preisach engines” are used to solve some problems of practical engineering typ
Detecting system fault/cyberattack within a photovoltaic system connected to the grid: A neural network-based solution
No full textThe large spread of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and the related cyber-security issues introduce the need for monitoring. The proposed work focuses on an anomaly detection strategy based on the physical behavior of the industrial process. The algorithm extracts some measures of the physical parameters of the system and processes them with a neural network architecture called autoencoder in order to build a classifier making decisions about the behavior of the system and detecting possible cyber-attacks or faults. The results are quite promising for a practical application in real systems
Toward a Security Operation Center for Operational Technology in Industrial Networks
No full textThe integration of cyber-physical systems into critical infrastructures, such as power grids and manufacturing plants, necessitates robust security measures to safeguard Industrial Control Systems from malicious threats. Due to the unique operational demands of ICS environments, traditional IT security measures are often unsuitable. To address these challenges, we present our approach for enhancing cybersecurity in energy generation plants by correlating and consolidating alerts and logs from various monitoring devices, thereby providing real-time dashboards for anomaly and threat detection. The approach is based on the development of a platform that aids Security Operation Center (SOC) teams in monitoring operational technology within industrial networks. The paper outlines the functionalities of the platform, that will be developed within the "SOC OT Impianti Generazione Energia" (SOC-OT IGE) project
Mesh adaptation in finite element analysis of 2D steady state time harmonic eddy current problems
No full textA local error estimation and adaptive meshing method developed by the authors for finite element analysis of 2D electrostatic and magnetostatic problems is now extended to 2D steady state time harmonic quasistatic eddy current problems. Local error estimation is based on the approximate solution of an independent differential problem in each triangular element. Mesh refinement is carried out by adding nodes in the centroids of selected elements and then applying the Delaunay algorith
Time-harmonic mesh adaption with error estimate based on the ''local field error'' approach
No full textAn implementation of a mesh adaption procedure for 2D “time-harmonic” solution, based on “h-refinement” criteria, using as error estimate the “local field error” approach, is presented. The error estimate is based on the solution, on an “element-by-element” basis, of an adjoint error problem cast in terms of magnetic induction. The “self-adapting” meshing procedure is iterative and is composed of a series of modules for the various functions. The electromagnetic problem is solved using the Esprit project MIDAS-2D “frequency domain” FEM solver. Some test cases at various frequencies are presented and results are discusse
- …
