1,720,986 research outputs found
Studio morfologico radiografico sulle ossa sesamoidi dell’arto anteriore in un gruppo di purosangue inglese in allenamento: risultati preliminari
No full textGenetic and phenotypic characterization of the Maremmano horse stud in Castelporziano
No full textThe Maremmano is an indigenous Italian horse
probably descending from the native breed of the Etruscans
(800 BC) bred in Maremma areal that spans from Southern
Tuscany to Northern Latium. The Maremmano breed rep-
resents an important cultural resource in Italy as in the past
was used as the symbiotic counterpart of the re-known
‘‘Butteri’’ (the Italian cowboys). After a period of oblivion,
in the early eighties, the breeders decided to find an asso-
ciation and to refresh the procedures of selection with the
institution of a Performance test for stallions and mares. In
this context one of the main studs is the one held in the
Presidential Estate of Castelporziano that represents one of
the most important stocks of Maremmano. We character-
ized both via genetic evaluation and molecular analysis at
certain loci this important stud and compared these values
with the entire population, revealing that Castelporziano’s
stud has one of the most interesting stock together with
higher genetic evaluations
Analysis of racing speed in the Italian trotter population
No full textThe current world record for trotter is 68.0 s/km, that is better than the estimates of record limit reported in literature (68.2 s/km for males and 69.1 s/km for females in Swedish Trotters): this is way the record limit was investigated in Italian Trotter using the same methodology applied to Swedish Trotter. The best racing times of 30’587 3-5 year old Italian Trotters, recorded between January 1st, 1992, and October 31th, 2009, have been log transformed to check for trends and asymptotic limit: a positive trend is present, and limits of 61.8 s/km and 62.8 s/km have been respectively estimated for males and females. The Generalized Extreme Value theory, applied to the 3-year old winners of the Italian Trot Derby, estimates a limit of 64.7 s/km. These results indicate that the limit for racing speed is still far from actual values
Morphologic radiographic study of the proximal sesamoid bones of the forelimb in thoroughbred racehorses in training
No full textThe aim of this study was to identify differences in bone shape (height and
width) of proximal sesamoid bones (PSB) in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses
in training. Dorsal 15° proximal-palmarodistal oblique images of each
metacarpophalangeal joint were acquired before the horses started training and
at 1 year after the start of exercise and racing. There were no changes in height
and width of PSBs induced by training. There was a significant difference of
height and width between medial and lateral PSBs. In both forelimbs, the medial
PSB was significantly wider and shorter than the lateral PSB. The medial PSB
of the right forelimb was significantly wider than that of the left forelimb.
These results might explain some limb predilection for fracture of PSBs. The
difference in strain pattern between medial and lateral PSBs in different loading
conditions needs to be investigate
Powder, capsule and device: An imperative ménage à trois for respirable dry powders
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The development of inhaled products to treat or to prevent lung infection is a very active research field in drug delivery. The pulmonary route is extremely attractive but very challenging. This paper reports the study of excipient, capsule brand and device influence on the aerodynamic behavior of dry powder formulations to treat tuberculosis.
METHODS:
A capreomycin hydrophobic salt was powdered using spray-drying and formulated using lactose (added after spray-drying, external excipient) or L-leucine (added before spray-drying, internal excipient). Aerosolization performances were investigated loading the formulations in 2 different capsule brands and aerosolizing them with 3 different devices.
RESULTS:
Capreomycin oleate and capreomycin oleate/l-leucine powders were produced with a yield around 70%. Capreomycin oleate powder was composed of particles with an irregular surface. Particles of capreomycin oleate/l-leucine were roundish and wrinkled on the surface. Capreomycin oleate/l-leucine formulation gave the highest values of respirable fraction in all cases. Statistical analysis asserted the significant effect on the respirable fraction of the powder (p≤0.001), the capsule brand (p≤0.01) and the device (p≤0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
The use of L-leucine as internal excipient allows one to avoid the use of lactose, obtaining a carrier-free formulation. Even though differences are not very large, to obtain the highest RFE, the best choice between capsule and device is Quali-V(®) and model 8
Identification of orexin-A and orexin type 2 receptor-positive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal dogs
No full textThe presence and distribution of cells positive to orexin A (OXA) and to orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) were investigated in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal dogs by means of immunohistochemical techniques. The orexin A-positive cells were identified with some of the endocrine cells in the stomach and in the duodenum; they were both of the open and closed type and were lacking in the large intestine. In the stomach, a large subset of orexin A-positive cells also showed gastrin-like immunoreactivity while, in the duodenum, many of them seemed to store serotonin. The orexin type 2 receptor-positive cells were evidenced all along the gastrointestinal tract examined, also in the large intestine, and they showed the same morphological characteristics as those positive to orexin A. Moreover, the immunohistochemical techniques revealed intense positivity for both orexin A and orexin type 2 receptor in the neurons and fibers of the enteric nervous system. A large subset of orexin A-positive neurons seemed to store substance P
Immunohistochemical identification and localization of orexin A and orexin type 2 receptor in the horse gastrointestinal tract
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and the distribution of cells containing orexin A and orexin type 2 receptor in the horse stomach and gut, by means of immunohistochemical techniques.
Orexin A was identified in the stomach fundic and pyloric regions and in the duodenum. In the same stomach regions, a large subset of orexin A-positive cells also showed orexin type 2 receptor-like immunoreactivity. Moreover, in the duodenum, many of them, seemed to store serotonin. Characteristically, enteric neurons or ganglia also displayed orexin A and, sometimes, orexin type 2 receptor immunoreaction. Orexin A and orexin type 2 receptor immunoreactivity was also found in the nerve fibers in the enteric submucosal layer.
Our results, together with data present in the literature, could contribute to the understanding of complex mechanisms regulating the horse gut functionality that are depending very likely on the consequence of the co-operation of both a central and a peripheral control
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