1,720,958 research outputs found
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution impacts neurocognitive performance in children
No full textBlootstelling aan luchtvervuiling heeft een negatieve impact op gezondheid. Roetdeeltjes vormen een giftige luchtvervuiler die verdacht worden een impact te hebben op neurocognitieve ontwikkeling. Tijdens de kindertijd is de cognitieve ontwikkeling gevoelig aan blootstellingen uit de omgeving en vorig onderzoek suggereert dat blootstelling aan roetdeeltjes dit proces kunnen ondermijnen. Echter is er geen consensus over de impact op gezondheid. Hier onderzoeken we de associatie tussen blootstelling aan roetdeeltjes en cognitie in kinderen.
As deel van deze studie includeerden we 194 kinderen. De blootstelling werd geschat aan de hand van vervuilingsdata gebaseerd op het residentieel adres. De cognitie werd getest aan de hand van drie cognitieve taken. Hoofdcomponenten werden gecreëerd voor de domeinen van aandacht en geheugen. Multiple lineaire regressie modellen werden gebruik om de associaties te onderzoeken, gecorrigeerd voor relevante covariaten.
In aandacht tests waren stijgingen in een interkwartielafstand chronische en lange-termijn blootstelling aan roetdeeltjes geassocieerd met een stijging in vals positieve antwoorden van 0.71 en 0.43. Verder waren stijgingen in een interkwartielafstand blootstelling geassocieerd met een daling in reactie tijd voor aandacht testen, met een daling van 117.41 ms en 50.44 ms.
De resultaten van deze studie suggereren dat kinderen blootgesteld aan meer roetdeeltjes een verlaagde cognitie vertonen in tests die aandacht bestuderen, met een stijging in impulsief antwoordgedrag
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution impacts neurocognitive performance in children
No full textBlootstelling aan luchtvervuiling heeft een negatieve impact op gezondheid. Roetdeeltjes vormen een giftige luchtvervuiler die verdacht worden een impact te hebben op neurocognitieve ontwikkeling. Tijdens de kindertijd is de cognitieve ontwikkeling gevoelig aan blootstellingen uit de omgeving en vorig onderzoek suggereert dat blootstelling aan roetdeeltjes dit proces kunnen ondermijnen. Echter is er geen consensus over de impact op gezondheid. Hier onderzoeken we de associatie tussen blootstelling aan roetdeeltjes en cognitie in kinderen.
As deel van deze studie includeerden we 194 kinderen. De blootstelling werd geschat aan de hand van vervuilingsdata gebaseerd op het residentieel adres. De cognitie werd getest aan de hand van drie cognitieve taken. Hoofdcomponenten werden gecreëerd voor de domeinen van aandacht en geheugen. Multiple lineaire regressie modellen werden gebruik om de associaties te onderzoeken, gecorrigeerd voor relevante covariaten.
In aandacht tests waren stijgingen in een interkwartielafstand chronische en lange-termijn blootstelling aan roetdeeltjes geassocieerd met een stijging in vals positieve antwoorden van 0.71 en 0.43. Verder waren stijgingen in een interkwartielafstand blootstelling geassocieerd met een daling in reactie tijd voor aandacht testen, met een daling van 117.41 ms en 50.44 ms.
De resultaten van deze studie suggereren dat kinderen blootgesteld aan meer roetdeeltjes een verlaagde cognitie vertonen in tests die aandacht bestuderen, met een stijging in impulsief antwoordgedrag
Change in heathland dominant plants strongly increases C mineralization potential despite marginally affecting microbial community structure
No full textPurpose In many ecosystems, the identity of the dominant plant is changing because of global change. If the new dominant species has different litter and root traits than the one it replaces, it is likely to have an influence on soil microbial communities and the functions they perform. We used a grass-encroached heathland, where dwarf shrubs are replaced by grasses with different ecological traits, as a case study to explore this question. We hypothesized that grass colonization of heathland would improve litter quality, which would favor soil copiotroph microbes and increase C mineralization rate. Methods We established a 13-plot field observatory spanning across a 0-100% gradient of grass cover percentage. In each plot, we characterized plant, fungal and bacterial communities, using a combination of ARISA (taxonomic diversity), metabarcoding plus hierarchical modelling of species communities (community structure), FDA assay (metabolic activity) and Biolog ecoplates (functional diversity and rate of C mineralization). Results Our results show that microbial taxonomic and functional diversities are not affected by grass colonization. Microbial communities were also similar at high phylogenetic level, including for ericoid mycorrhizas and typical oligo- and copiotrophic species. At a finer phylogenetic level, some abundant extremophilic OTUs (e.g Acidothermus bacteria) were progressively replaced by fungal black yeasts. Functional response of microbial communities was more obvious. The C mineralization potential significantly increased across the grass gradient. Conclusion Change in dominant plant traits may induce drastic functional changes in microbial communities despite having only a very minor effect on their diversity or structure.The experiments and the salary of S.T were supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) Methusalem project [grant number 08M03VGRJ]. The thesis of N.A was supported by the UHasselt Bijzonder Onderzoeks Fund (BOF).
The authors also thank Regional Landscape Kempen and Maasland, Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos, and the National Park Hoge Kempen for its collaboration, support, and providing access to the sampling area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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