90 research outputs found

    Mechanistic study of Schiff base release from bis(N-phenylsalicylaldiminato)nickel(II) in acetonitrile

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    The reaction of bis(N-phenylsalicylaldiminato)nickel(II) and ammonium or ammonium-like ions has been studied kinetically in acetonitrile solution. The general featrues of the release of N-phenylsalicylaldimine were investigated. Attempts have been made to assign the observed reaction rates to different species existing in solution. The results show that the protonable groups of the Schiff base are involved in an acid-base equilibrium with ammonium ions, in a complex stepwise reaction mechanism. The equilibria also involve stereoisomeric nickel complexes, the free metal ion and the free ligand. The elimination of the first Schiff base shows a rate increase with increasing acidity of the ammonium ions, which can be correlated with their pK(a) values. The reaction with NHEt3+ is approximately three-fold slower than with NH3Et+, presumably because of steric hindrance. The formation of diphenyl(N-phenylsalicylaldiminato)boron, from the nickel complex and anilinium tetraphenylborate is also briefly discussed

    GC-MS characterization of proteinaceous and lipid binders in UV-aged polychrome artifacts

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    This paper presents an analytical procedure based on gas chromatography separation and mass spectrometric identification, which allows the determination of natural resins, waxes and lipids in the same microsample (- and beta -amyrone and 28-norolean-17-en-3-one. The presence of these compounds in varnish samples from the Madonna col Bambino by Coppo da Marcovaldo tend of 13th century), currently being restored at Opificio delle Pietre Dure (Florence, Italy), enabled us to identify dammar and mastic resins

    Secular Reason as a Tool of the Early Jesuit Mission to China

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    This paper provides an investigation into Jesuits’ use of secular dialectical strategies during the early part of their evangelization mission in China. In order to prove the relevance of rhetoric stratagems – i. e. scientific verification, logic and universalism of norms – in their attack against Buddhism, this article examines a neglected text, Posthumous Disputes (Bianxue yidu 辯學遺牘). While the Posthumous Disputes (PD) was improperly attributed to Ricci, it is a prime example of Ricci’s accommodation method. Documenting the first real confrontation between a Buddhist and a Christian in China, this text provides an extraordinary window into the first dispute between Europe and China. The secular method of accommodation modelled by Ricci to convert Chinese literati was grounded in the universality of reason that he inherited from Aristotle and Aquinas and the fascination with Western science and techniques. The author uses the universality of reason to both reject Buddhism and Daoism as irrational, unscientific, and non-universal and to present the Christian faith as the most rational doctrine

    Robert E. Allinson: The Philosophical Influences of Mao Zedong. Notations, Reflections and Insights.

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    Review of Robert E Allinson: The Philosophical Influences of Mao Zedong. Notations, Reflections and Insights (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020) This book is not merely a history of Mao’s thought, as it presents a philosophical inquest on its development. It is also a philosophical reflection on the state of contemporary Chinese society and culture employing Mao’s philosophical keys. What Allinson provides is a completely new narrative of the so-called Great Helmsman’s intellectual profile and all of 20th Chinese culture. This is the right book at the right moment for understanding China’s incredible growth and deep contradictions, but also the new Chinese diplomatic impatience towards unequal treatment on the international stage. Mao’s most unacceptable and dramatic decisions find a new coherency that, in this case, contradicts the thesis of the “banality of evil”. Allinson shows an excellent capacity to freely reflect with the thinker without lessening the tragic consequences of his political decisions. As the author states: “Mao represents a unique mixture between Plato’s philosopher king and Plato’s tyrant of the Republic” (p. 100)

    Nothingness at the Crossroads of Minor Canons: A Dialogue between Wang Fuzhi and Charles de Bovelles

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    It is a mainstream assumption that Asian thinkers, and Chinese in particular, have devoted much of their speculative energies to investigating emptiness and nothingness, whereas these philosophical concepts would have been neglected (if not abhorred) in Western thought. As Sorensen (2022, 77) says: “Having climbed to the precipice of being, the Chinese and Indians pan across the vista of nothingness. They see an open horizon of opportunity. The Greeks look down the cliff. They suffer vertigo”. In this article, we set ourselves the task of questioning this assumption by presenting two authors who represent opposing tendencies within their respective traditions. On the one hand, Wang Fuzhi 王夫之 (1619–1692), normally described as a “materialist” and a bitter opponent of the “emptiness” and “nothingness” of Buddhists and Daoists. On the other, Charles de Bovelles (1479–1566), author of the short treatise Liber de Nihilo, in which nothingness is posited as necessary to God for his existence and the unfolding of his power. Despite being in different traditions and with different visions of nothingness, we will see how their respective thoughts can meet and engage in dialogue in a productive manner

    I molteplici livelli dell’interazione nella comunicazione terapeutica: teoria e ricerca di base

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    A partire dal racconto dell’esperienza personale che l’ha portata a sviluppare il suo modello l’Autrice presenta i capisaldi della sua teoria del codice multiplo, integrata ed aggiornata con le più recenti acquisizioni provenienti dalle scienze cognitive e dal campo dei modelli psicoterapeutici. Vengono descritte le qualità che caratterizzano i tre principali livelli dell’elaborazione dell’informazione emotiva umana – sub-simbolico, simbolico non verbale, simbolico verbale – e la molteplicità dei codici modalità-specifici attraverso i quali viene esperita l’interazione con il mondo. All’interno di questa nuova teoria della mente vengono definiti concetti e processi clinici cruciali quali quello di schema dell’emozione, le sequenze interattive tipiche che portano alla loro formazione e alla loro riattivazione nella comunicazione terapeutica, i processi interattivi e soggettivi che portano alla persistenza degli schemi dell’emozione dolorosi o alla continua modificazione di quelli che creano benessere. Infine l’Autrice descrive il processo referenziale che connette i vari livelli dell’elaborazione dell’informazione emotiva sia nel contesto quotidiano sia durante la psicoterapia, dove si alternano circolarmente la fase dell’attivazione, della simbolizzazione e della riorganizzazione/riflessione. L’Autrice conclude mettendo in luce la natura eminentemente incarnata e relazionale di tale processo, come anche i suoi rischi e paradossi.Starting from a description of the personal experience that prompted her to develop her model the Author presents the cornerstones of her multiple code theory, revised and updated with the most recent findings from cognitive sciences and psychotherapeutic models field. The qualities characterizing the three main levels of the human emotional information processing – sub-symbolic, symbolic non-verbal, symbolic verbal – and the multiple modality specific codes through which is experienced the interaction with the world are described. Within this new theory of mind crucial clinical concepts and processes are defined as the emotion schemas, the typical interactive sequenc- es from which they emerge and their reactivation in the therapeutic communication, the interactive and internal processes that conduct to the persistence of the painful emotion sche- mas or to the continuous modification of those promoting the subject’s wellbeing. Finally, the Author describes the referential process that connects the various levels of emotional information processing in the everyday contexts as well as during psychotherapy, where circularly three typical phases follow one other – activation, symbolization and reorganization/reflection. The Author concludes by highlighting the eminently embodied and relational nature of this process, as well as its risks and paradoxes
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