1,720,983 research outputs found
Ultrafiltration behavior of nitrophenols in the presence of humic substances
No full textDrinking water sources are often exposed to contamination by xenobiotics such as nitroaromatic compounds and pesticides. Their presence, even at comparatively low concentrations, makes water unfit for direct municipal supply. In this work, a series of nitrophenols (NPs) of different acidity and hydrophobicity (e.g. nitrophenols; p-nitrophenol (PNP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNOC) and 4-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate (NPP)) were selected as major pollutants and the effect of their interaction with natural organic matter (e.g. humic substances) on ultrafiltration process in neutral and acidic pHs were elucidated. All trials were carried out with each nitrophenol (0.05mM) using hydrophilic composite ultrafiltration membrane and repeated with the same conditions but in the presence of HA (0.1mg/ml). The efficiency of separation was strongly influenced by kind of nitrophenols, pH of solution and concentration of humic substances. In acidic condition, the rejection was decreased in the presence or absence of HA compared to neutral pH. In both conditions, the rejections of DNP, DNSA and DNOC were increased in HA concentrations around 0.2mg/ml in neutral and around 0.1mg/ml in acidic condition. The rejections of NPP in the presence and absence of HA did not change during time in both conditions. The behavior of PNP was different from NPs. In neutral condition, the presence of HA resulted in rejection decline at the early stages of the experiment and was gradually increased in HA concentrations higher than 0.37mg/ml. In acidic condition the rejection was gradually increased in the solution containing HA. The differences between fluxes with or without the presence of HA for both conditions were negligible for all NPs due to negligible formation of a condensed layer to provide resistance against the passage of water
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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