1,720,992 research outputs found
Marine fouling communities from artificial and natural habitats: comparison of resistance to chemical and physical disturbances
Get PDFAssessing the resistance of fouling communities to anthropogenic disturbances is an important goal for the development of effective management and control strategies. In this context, we conducted a manipulative experiment on natural and artificial habitats to examine fouling communities that developed outside and inside a marina on Madeira Island (NE Atlantic Ocean) following the application of two types of stressors frequently observed in coastal habitats, namely chemical and physical disturbances. The tested fouling communities, dominated by native and non- indigenous species respectively, were in general strongly affected by the chemical but not by the physical disturbance applied, and a higher resistance to disturbance was observed in the communities outside the marina. This suggests higher capacities for communities richer in native species to tolerate anthropogenic disturbances, while non-indigenous species did not play a key role. Further research can assess the resilience of natural and artificial fouling communities when exposed to disturbances
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
status assessment, local and global threats and restoration opportunities
No full textNatural coastal habitats in the Anthropocene are suffering a severe regression at a global level derived, directly and indirectly, from human activity. Among these ecosystems, marine forests are recognized as one of the most common systems in temperate areas, characterized by their high productivity, a great associated biodiversity, and their capability to provide numerous ecosystem services to humanity. Marine forest-forming algae are late-colonizing species and, therefore, indicators of a good environmental status. In addition to the landscape value provided by these species, they increase the structural complexity of the system, increasing the shelters and the diversity of microhabitats. This means that numerous associated species, such as algae, mollusks, crustaceans, or fish, find in these systems an ideal habitat to hide, grow, or breed. Marine forests increase the number of ecological niches available in an area, increasing biodiversity and the complexity of trophic systems. The degradation of these systems implies a loss of associated biodiversity, as well as significant economic losses due to human activities that rely on them, such as coastal fisheries. In the archipelago of Madeira (NE Atlantic Ocean), marine forests have historically been formed by species of the genus Cystoseira s.l. and Sargassum, similar to those found in the Mediterranean Sea. Unfortunately, the marine forests of Madeira have shown a collapse in recent decades, going from dominating long coastal rocky areas to being restricted to certain very specific areas of the coast. Local pressures, such as coastal urbanization, habitat degradation, the imbalance of trophic chains, among others, linked to the action of pressures at a regional and global scale, such as the increase in temperatures or the increase in extreme climate events, are the cause of the degradation of marine forests. This thesis, exposes and evidences for the first time the regression of these systems in Madeira and explores the possible causes. Through the compilation of all the available information, we establish a timeline and mark the possible start of the collapse of marine forests. In addition, through mesocosm and field experiments, we have analyzed the role of marine heat waves as an emerging impact on Cystoseira
species and the possible interaction of these agents with invasive species or the fragmentation of the microhabitat and its impact on the associated fauna. Finally, we have explored the climatic factors and biotic interactions that determine the development of the early stages of Cystoseira foeniculacea, in order to support future restoration actions that will base their success on previous knowledge.Project M1420-09-5369-FSE-00000
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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