40,306 research outputs found
Experimental studies and perspectives of semi-active oleodynamic devices for seismic protection of structures
No full textGeneral editors: Roy T. Severn and Rogério Bairra
Experimental studies and perspectives of semi-active oleodynamic devices for seismic protection of structures
No full textGeneral editors: Roy T. Severn and Rogério Bairra
Experimental study of the effect of icing on the aerodynamics of circular cylinders - Part II: Inclined flow
No full textIn this paper effects of ice accretion on the aerodynamics of plain inclined circular cylinders are examined. Aerodynamic force coefficients are found as a function of Reynolds number for ice produced with varying temperature and yaw angle of the cylinder with respect to the flow. The cylinders are produced from HDPE, as used for bridge stays. Variations in the accretion parameters were chosen to generate the most common natural ice formations, which might also be expected to produce bridge cable vibrations. A parallel paper deals with the case of circular cylinders in cross flow
Design and calibration of a semi-active control logic to mitigate structural vibrations in wind turbines
No full textThe design of a semi-active (SA) control system addressed to mitigate wind induced structural demand to high wind turbine towers is discussed herein. Actually, the remarkable growth in height of wind turbines in the last decades, for a higher production of electricity, makes this issue pressing than ever. The main objective is limiting bending moment demand by relaxing the base restraint, without increasing the top displacement, so reducing the incidence of harmful "p-delta" effects. A variable restraint at the base, able to modify in real time its mechanical properties according to the instantaneous response of the tower, is proposed. It is made of a smooth hinge with additional elastic stiffness and variable damping respectively given by springs and SA magnetorheological (MR) dampers installed in parallel. The idea has been physically realized at the Denmark Technical University where a 1/20 scale model of a real, one hundred meters tall wind turbine has been assumed as case study for shaking table tests. A special control algorithm has been purposely designed to drive MR dampers. Starting from the results of preliminary laboratory tests, a finite element model of such structure has been calibrated so as to develop several numerical simulations addressed to calibrate the controller, i.e., to achieve as much as possible different, even conflicting, structural goals. The results are definitely encouraging, since the best configuration of the controller leaded to about 80% of reduction of base stress, as well as to about 30% of reduction of top displacement in respect to the fixed base case
Effects of ice accretion on the aerodynamics of bridge cables
No full textUndesirable wind induced vibrations of bridge cables can occur when atmospheric conditions are such to generate ice accretion. This paper contains the results of an extensive investigation of the effects of ice accretion due to in-cloud icing, on the aerodynamic characteristics of bridge hangers and stay cables. The aim of this paper is twofold; first, it was investigated the ice accretion process and the final shape of the ice accreted; then the aerodynamics of the ice accreted bridge cables was characterized, and related to the ice shape. Different climatic conditions, i.e. combinations of temperature, wind speed and yaw angle of accretion, were reproduced in a climatic wind tunnel, giving rise to different types of accretion. These were chosen such to generate the most common natural ice formations expected to produce bridge cable vibrations. A description of the geometric characteristics of the ice accretions is given in the paper. Only for the bridge hanger case, a short description of the evolution of the ice accretions is given. The aerodynamic force coefficients were then measured with varying yaw angle, angle of attack and wind speed, and are presented and discussed in the paper; these are found to be significantly affected by the characteristics of the ice accretion
Heat Transfer and Film Cooling of Blade Tips and Endwalls
No full textThis paper investigates the flow, heat transfer, and film cooling effectiveness of advanced high pressure turbine blade tips and endwalls. Two blade tip configurations have been studied, including a full rim squealer and a partial squealer with leading edge and trailing edge cutouts. Both blade tip configurations have pressure side film cooling and cooling air extraction through dust holes, which are positioned along the airfoil camber line on the tip cavity floor. The investigated clearance gap and the blade tip geometry are typical of that commonly found in the high pressure turbine blades of heavy-duty gas turbines. Numerical studies and experimental investigations in a linear cascade have been conducted at a blade exit isentropic Mach number of 0.8 and a Reynolds number of 9×105. The influence of the coolant flow ejected from the tip dust holes and the tip pressure side film holes has also been investigated. Both the numerical and experimental results showed that there is a complex aerothermal interaction within the tip cavity and along the endwall. This was evident for both tip configurations. Although the global heat transfer and film cooling characteristics of both blade tip configurations were similar, there were distinct local differences. The partial squealer exhibited higher local film cooling effectiveness at the trailing edge but also low values at the leading edge. For both tip configurations, the highest heat transfer coefficients were located on the suction side rim within the midchord region. However, on the endwall, the highest heat transfer rates were located close to the pressure side rim and along most of the blade chord. Additionally, the numerical results also showed that the coolant ejected from the blade tip dust holes partially impinges onto the endwall.</jats:p
- …
