1,720,992 research outputs found
Characterization of vanadium oxide on ZrO2-based catalyst precursors
No full textZirconia-supported vanadium oxide catalysts precursors were prepared by equilibrium adsorption in acid (pH 2.7) and basic (pH 10) conditions using hydrous zirconium oxide, ZrO2(383). After drying at 383 K the solids, containing vanadium up to 8.94%, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse optical reflectance, surface area, differential thermal analysis measurements and chemical determinations. Samples of definite grain size ranges of ZrO2(383) were also investigated. The results show that the pH affects the uptake and the nature of the V adsorbed species. The microporous nature of the support and the different anions size (small vanadium species at pH 10; large polyoxoanions at pH 2.7) affect the spreading degree of vanadium species. Under ambient conditions, the molecular state of the adsorbed species depends on the net surface pH at the point zero charge, that in its turn, is affected by the vanadium loading. During heating, the dispersed species interact with the zirconia surface. The DTA results indicate that the fraction of zirconia involved in the interaction depends on the pH of preparation
Caracterización superficial de pigmentos sobre artefactos paleolíticos de la zona de los Montes Albanos (Roma, Italia) por microscopía óptica y espectroscopía raman
Full text linkPreliminary results of the characterization of red pigmentations on paleolithic artefacts from the southern area of
Montes Albanos (Rome, Italy) are presented. The set of materials consists of three decorated rounded pebblestones and a cortical flint blade typologically attributable to the Upper Paleolithic (Final Epigravetense, 14,000-12,000 cal BP). The findings were observed with optical microscope Nikon SMZ 1000/800 with magnifications of 1x to 6.3x. In two pebblestones, one decorated with parallel engravings, residues of ocher were detected in association with traces of use. In the third one, stained red dye was observed to form geometric patterns. Finally, reddish pigmentations were located on the cortical dorsal surface of a flint blade. To characterize chemically the coloring agent detected, macro-microscopically, Raman spectroscopy was used, a technique that allowed the study of the nature of the residues and the detection of additional organic materials whose presence must be related to post-depositional contaminations produced by the manipulation or/and surface exposure of artifacts
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Modifications induced by potassium addition on chromia/alumina catalysts and their influence on the catalytic activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane
No full textThe oxidative dehydrogenation of propane was investigated on K-containing chromia/alumina catalysts, with nominal Cr and K loadings of 10 and 0-2 wt%, respectively. Their chemical composition, structure, texture, nature of surface species, redox features and surface acidity were determined. Catalytic behaviour was investigated in a continuous-flow micro-reactor under different conditions. Besides the nature and concentration of the chromium species, potassium addition was found to affect the reducibility of the catalysts as well as their acid surface features. Such modifications were found to condition the catalytic behaviour, which appeared somewhat peculiar in comparison with that of the catalytic systems reported in literature
Preparation and properties of new acid catalysts obtained by grafting alkoxides and derivatives on the most common supports. Note II- Grafting silicon and zirconium alkoxides and related sulphates on gamma-alumina.
No full textPreparation and properties of new acid catalysts obtained by grafting alkoxides and derivatives on the most common supports. Part III - Grafting titanium alkoxides and sulphate derivatives on silica
No full textSome catalysts have been prepared by grafting different amounts of titanium isopropoxide dissolved in toluene on a silica support and by steaming and calcinating the products obtained. A catalyst has been prepared also by first treating with pure sulphuric acid titanium isopropoxide, grafting the titanium alkoxide sulphate on silica and again by steaming and calcinating the product obtained. All the catalysts prepared have been characterized using different techniques such as: electrochemical potentiometric titrations to evaluate the PZC (point of zero charge), the hydroxyl densities and the surface dissociation equilibrium constants; TGA (thermal gravimetric analyses) to evaluate the hydroxyl densities; TPD (thermal programmed desorption) of organic bases such as pyridine and lutidine; and XPS (X-ray photoemission spectroscopy). All catalysts have also been tested by determining the performances in three different reactions: dehydration of methanol, epoxidation of cyclooctene with cumene hydroperoxide and isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene. The behaviour of the catalysts prepared shows that grafting titanium on silica strongly modifies the original surface and the catalysts obtained with the mentioned grafting techniques are different from those obtained by impregnation and coprecipitation. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol on ceo2-la2o3 oxides prepared by the soft template method
Full text linkIn this study, CeO2, La2O3, and CeO2-La2O3 mixed oxide catalysts with different Ce/La molar ratios were prepared by the soft template method and characterized by different techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. NH3 and CO2 adsorption microcalorimetry was also used for assessing the acid and base surface properties, respectively. The behavior of the oxides as catalysts for the dimethyl carbonate synthesis by the transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol, at 160 °C under autogenic pressure, was studied in a stainless-steel batch reactor. The activity of the catalysts was found to increase with an increase in the basic sites density. The formation of dimethyl carbonate was favored on medium-strength and weak basic sites, while it underwent decomposition on the strong ones. Several parasitic reactions occurred during the transformation of propylene carbonate, depending on the basic and acidic features of the catalysts. A reaction pathway has been proposed on the basis of the components identified in the reaction mixture
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