1,720,961 research outputs found
Effetti in vivo e in vitro della vitamina D nell'artrite reumatoide
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L’1,25-diidrossivitamina D (1,25 (OH) 2D3), la forma attiva della vitamina D, modula entrambe le risposte immunitarie: innata e adattativa. Emergenti dati epidemiologici hanno anche dimostrato che la vitamina D ha effetti immunomodulatori e modificanti la malattia in una vasta gamma di malattie autoimmuni, tra cui l'artrite reumatoide (AR). Lo studio in vivo ha mostrato la correlazione tra i livelli sierici della 25OH vitamina D e l'attività della malattia e lo stato di salute di pazienti con AR mediante la valutazione del DAS 28 e HAQ. L'analisi statistica non solo ha dimostrato una correlazione tra l'attività della malattia e i livelli di 25 OH vitamina D, ma anche una correlazione negativa tra i valori di 25OH vitamina D e DAS 28 e HAQ. I livelli di 25 OH vitamina D in pazienti con AR erano significativamente inferiori a quelli del gruppo di controllo. In vitro è stato valutato l’effetto della 1,25 (OH) 2D3 in colture primarie di macrofagi di pazienti AR derivati dai monociti del sangue periferico. I monociti/ macrofagi, isolati da sangue periferico di cellule mononucleate di pazienti AR e di soggetti sani sfruttando la loro capacità di aderire alla piastra, sono stati trattati con concentrazioni crescenti di 1,25 (OH)2D3 per 48 h. La produzione di TNF-α, IL-1 α, IL-1β, IL-6 e RANKL è stata determinata mediante ELISA ed il rilascio di ossido nitrico (NO) mediante il metodo GRIESS. L’analisi immunocitochimica è stata effettuata anche per valutare le alterazioni nell’espressione del TNF-α transmembrana dopo trattamento con 1,25 (OH) 2D3. È stata osservata una significativa diminuzione dose-dipendente della produzione di TNF-α e RANKL nelle colture di macrofagi AR dopo trattamento, mentre nelle cellule sane solo ad alte concentrazioni di trattamento con 1,25 (OH) 2D3. I livelli di IL-1 α, IL-1β e IL-6 sono stati ridotti in tutte le popolazioni cellulari ad alte concentrazioni. L’immunoistochimica del TNF- α è risultata meno intensa nelle cellule trattate rispetto a quelle non. L’1,25 (OH) 2D3 ha ridotto in modo significativo i livelli di ossido nitrico (NO) a prescindere dalle concentrazioni utilizzate. Tutti questi effetti osservati forniscono un razionale terapeutico nell’utilizzare la supplementazione della vitamina D nel trattamento dell’AR. Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging epidemiological data have also demonstrated disease-modifying and immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in a wide range of human autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DAS 28 and HAQ were evaluated in order to evaluate in vivo the relationship between serum 25 OH vitamin D levels and disease activity and health status in RA.
Statistical analysis showed not only a correlation between disease activity and the levels of 25 OH vitamin D, but also a negative correlation between the values of 25OH vitamin D and DAS 28 and HAQ. The levels of 25 OH vitamin D in RA patients were significantly lower than in the control group.
To evaluate in vitro effects of 1,25(OH) 2D3 in primary cultures of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages of RA patients, monocytes/macrophages, isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients and healthy subjects by exploiting their ability to adhere to plastic, were treated with increasing concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 for 48 h. TNF-α, IL-1 α, IL-1β, IL-6 and RANKL production was determined by ELISA and nitric oxide (NO) release using the Griess method. Immunocytochemistry analysis was also performed to evaluate alterations in transmembrane TNF- α expression after 1,25(OH) 2D3 treatment. A significant dose-dependent decrease in TNF- α and RANKL production by cultured RA macrophages after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was found, whereas a significant reduction in normal cells was observed only at higher concentrations. IL-1 α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were reduced by 1,25(OH) 2D3 at higher concentrations in all cell populations. TNF-a immunostaining was less intense in treated cells compared with untreated.
1,25(OH) 2D3 significantly reduced NO levels regardless of the concentration used. Vitamin D downregulated proinflammatory mediators in monocyte-derived macrophages, and RA cells appeared more sensitive than normal cells. These effects further provide a rationale for the therapeutic value of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment for RA
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome in a patient with psoriatic arthritis receiving etanercept.
No full textIn vitro and in vivo angiogenic activity of osteoarthritic and osteoporotic osteoblasts is modulated by VEGF and vitamin D3 treatment
No full textRANKL/OPG Ratio and DKK-1 Expression in Primary Osteoblastic Cultures from Osteoarthritic and Osteoporotic Subjects
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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