1,721,568 research outputs found
Cholangiocarcinoma: risk factors and clinical presentation.
No full textEur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Apr;14(4):363-7.
Cholangiocarcinoma: risk factors and clinical presentation.
Gatto M, Alvaro D.
SourceDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer originating from the neoplastic transformation of the biliary epithelium, is characterized by a progressive increase in incidence and prevalence. A number of risk factors have been identified including primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infestation, and hepatolithiasis. More recently, hepatitis viruses (HCV, HBV) have been taken into consideration as risk factors for the intrahepatic CCA and this could explain the increased incidence seen in the last two decades. All these risk factors induce chronic inflammation in the biliary epithelium together with partial bile obstruction. These two conditions are considered the background (chronic inflammation) favouring the cancer development. The only effective treatment is the radical surgical resection but, this is applicable in less than 40% of the patients since CCA is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage. This mainly occurs because, in the majority of the cases, CCA is clinically silent, with symptoms only developing at an advanced stage but also for the lack of effective biomarkers to be used for a screening purpose. A number of serum and bile biomarkers have been recently proposed for the diagnosis of CCA but, their impact on the early diagnosis is still under the evaluatio
Nephritogenic-antinephritogenic antibody network in lupus glomerulonephritis
No full textLupus glomerulonephritis (LGN) is one of the most threatening manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a major predictor of poor prognosis. The mechanisms leading to kidney inflammation are not completely clear; however, autoantibodies seem to play a pivotal role. Apoptosis dysregulation in SLE is likely to trigger generation of autoantibodies, the released nucleosomes being the driving autoantigen for further epitope amplification and selection of DNA or nucleosome-specific B cells. Growing evidence supports a multistep path to LGN involving initial autoantibody binding to chromatin fragments in the mesangial matrix, where they can induce mesangial inflammation leading to a shut-down of the renal DNase gene, generation and deposition of secondary necrotic chromatin on the glomerular basement membrane favouring antibody binding, complement activation and development of membrano-proliferative glomerular lesions. Anti-DNA IgG antibodies display the major pathogenetic potential in LGN initiation; however, other isotypes (IgA or IgE) as well as autoantibodies targeting other molecules (e.g. anti-C1q, anti-C reactive protein) can perpetuate renal injury. Conversely, protective autoantibodies are also likely in SLE which can contain renal damage targeting either DNA (i.e. IgM anti-DNA) or other molecules (e.g. pentraxin 3). Thus, lupus nephritogenic-antinephritogenic antibodies orchestrate the balance between harm and defence of renal tissue
Review Article of Gatto, M. 2014 Web as Corpus. Theory and Practice
No full textThe paper is an extensive review article of Gatto, M. 2014. Web as Corpus. Theory and Practice. London, UK: Bloomsbury. (xxii + 232 pp.). In reviewing the book's contents, it discusses state-of-the-art research in the field of web as corpus, namely the role of the web in the now well-established discipline of corpus linguistics. The review of Gatto's book is an opportunity to consider issues and applications variously pertaining to the relation between language corpora and the World Wide Web
Review Article of Gatto, M. 2014 Web as Corpus. Theory and Practice.
No full textThe paper is an extensive review article of Gatto, M. 2014. Web as Corpus. Theory and Practice. London, UK: Bloomsbury. (xxii + 232 pp.). In reviewing the book's contents, it discusses state-of-the-art research in the field of web as corpus, namely the role of the web in the now well-established discipline of corpus linguistics. The review of Gatto's book is an opportunity to consider issues and applications variously pertaining to the relation between language corpora and the World Wide Web
Quattro Lemmi sulla Sostenibilità dello Sviluppo: 1) Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale; 2) Indicatori Ecologici; 3) Indicatori macroeconomici di benessere; 4) Gestione Ambientale d’Impresa, Maggio 2001
No full textEnciclopedia Multimediale Rizzoli Larouss
Pricing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Response from Gatto and De Leo to Pimentel comments
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