1,721,001 research outputs found
MARCATORI DI DANNO INTESTINALE NELLE MALATTIE INFIAMMATORIE CRONICHE INTESTINALI PEDIATRICHE
Get PDFAbstract
Introduzione: Le malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali (MICI) sono patologie croniche recidivanti del tratto gastrointestinale che comprendono la malattia di Crohn (CD), la colite ulcerosa (UC), e l' IBD-non classificata (IBD-U). Il microbioma, l’alterazione della barriera intestinale, e il sistema immunitario giocano un ruolo integrato nello sviluppo delle MICI. Queste 3 componenti sono elementi potenzialmente critici per perpetuare il processo di malattia.
Scopi del progetto: In questo studio abbiamo analizzato preliminarmente alcuni aspetti specifici della patogenesi delle MICI, tra cui la disbiosi intestinale, l'alterazione della barriera intestinale e l'effetto di un trattamento dietetico specifico (la cosiddetta nutrizione enterale esclusiva, EEN).
Metodi: pazienti pediatrici con MICI sono stati arruolati nel periodo 2013-2015. Nello studio sono state effettuate 3 tipi di analisi: 1. Studio del Microbiota: è stata eseguita l'analisi del microbiota fecale in pazienti con MICI (attraverso l'amplificazione delle regioni V3-V4 del gene 16S rRNA); 2. Studio sulla EEN: è stata eseguita una valutazione di parametri clinici, di laboratorio e modifiche microbiologiche indotte dall’EEN; 3. Studio della permeabilità intestinale con IPT: è stato valutato il danno di barriera intestinale nei pazienti con MICI attraverso il test di permeabilità intestinale (IPT)
Risultati: i risultati preliminari dello studio hanno mostrato una differente composizione del microbiota nei pazienti con CD rispetto a quelli con UC. Tali modifiche non sono correlate al livello di infiammazione. I risultati dello studio EEN sostengono l'efficacia dell'EEN nel trattamento del CD e si è evidenziato un cambiamento nella composizione microbiota dopo un ciclo di EEN. L’ IPT è risultato essere un test sensibile per evidenziare l' attività di malattia e correlato alla risposta al trattamento
Conclusioni: Dal nostro studio emergono dati interessanti soprattutto per quanto riguarda I cambiamenti del microbiota in seguito alla EEN, che potrebbero spiegare il meccanismo d’azione di tale terapia. Inoltre l' IPT si presenta come test interessante per una valutazione non invasiva dell’integrità della barriera intestinale nelle MICI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Pediatric IBD: How Often, Why, and What to Do?
Get PDFInflammatory bowel disease (IBDs), including Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are complex diseases with a multifactorial etiology, associated with genetic, dietetic, and other environmental risk factors. Children with IBD are at increased risk for nutritional inadequacies, resulting from decreased oral intake, restrictive dietary patterns, malabsorption, enhanced nutrient loss, surgery, and medications. Follow-up of IBD children should routinely include evaluation of specific nutritional deficits and dietetic and/or supplementation strategies should be implemented in case deficiencies are detected. This narrative review focuses on the prevalence, risk factors, detection strategy, and management of micronutrient deficiencies in pediatric IBD
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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