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Preface of the Proceedings of the 47th Inhigeo Symposium edited by Gaston Godard, Philippe Grandchamp and Pascal Richet
No full textProceedings of the 47th Inhigeo Symposium edited by Gaston Godard, Philippe Grandchamp and Pascal Richet. INHIGEO Symposium - Les Eyzies, FRANCE (15-24 September 2022) - organized by Claudine Cohen, Françoise Dreyer, Gaston Godard, and Pascal RichetInternational audiencePreface of the Proceedings of the 47th Inhigeo Symposium edited by Gaston Godard, Philippe Grandchamp and Pascal Richet. INHIGEO Symposium - Les Eyzies, FRANCE (15-24 September 2022) - organized by Claudine Cohen, Françoise Dreyer, Gaston Godard, and Pascal Riche
Early texts on the Cenozoic fossils of Aquitaine (1622–1767) and pioneering debates on the organic origin of fossils, the superpositioning of strata and the mobility of the seas
No full textSeveral unpublished or little known writings from the 17th–18th centuries deal with the Bordeaux region’s “figured stones”, which are actually Miocene fossils. The oldest work is a book by Pierre de L’Ancre (1622), where the author describes the shelly sediments of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont and relates Louis XIII’s visit there in October 1620. De L’Ancre is unsure as to the origin of the fossil shells, which could be ascribed to consolidation of the host sediments during lengthy ages after a withdrawal of the sea, transport from the Ocean by the Flood or in-situ development through « esbatement de la nature » (i.e., a freak of nature). His text is remarkable for its description of the layers, which the author names « estages » (i.e., stages) and describes from the bottom up, suggesting that he grasped the principle of superposition later developed by Steno (1669). A later manuscript, kept at the Arsenal Library in Paris, was written between 1631 and 1673 by an unknown author: entitled Reflections sommaires sur quelques pierres de la Terre de Sales. It deals with the origin of the fossils in the shelly sands of Salles, south of Bordeaux. The author prefers the hypothesis of in-situ development in soil rather than an organic marine origin, thus remaining faithful to the “freaks of nature” thesis frequently accepted at the time. In the 18th century, the Bordeaux Academy discussed the origin of these fossils. In 1718, Father Jules Bellet and Isaac Sarrau de Boynet studied the shells of Sainte-Croix-du-Mont; they suggested an organic origin in view of the scar left by the adductor muscle on the shells and the effervescence of the latter in vinegar. Sarrau de Boynet, however, refused to admit that the sea had reached this village and adopted the extravagant thesis of an anthropic accumulation of oysters, which Montesquieu approved only reluctantly. From 1745 on, Jacques-François Borda d’Oro began the study of Eocene sites and fossils in the Dax region; the observation of Lithophaga, incompatible with a transport by the Flood, reinforced him in his conviction of a marine origin. Nicolas Desmarest observed fossils in 1761, in particular near Saint-Émilion, and was convinced of their marine origin. In 1743 and 1745, the Bordeaux Academy organized essay competitions on the origin of the “figured stones”. The candidates were in favour of the organic origin, but ignored the shelly sediments of the region. One of these candidates, Pierre Barrère, surprisingly states the principle of uniformitarianism as early as 1745. These writings, among the first devoted to the geology of the Aquitaine Basin, illustrate that certain basic elements of modern palaeontology and stratigraphy were already grasped in the 17th and 18th centuries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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