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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Lexico-semantics
No full textThis chapter presents a theoretical review of how humans represent and process word meaning (lexico-semantics). We start with a review of current theoretical approaches. The review is necessarily brief and incomplete but attempts to provide a cross-disciplinary perspective on word meaning informed by cognitive and developmental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, linguistics and computational sciences. We then move to a discussion of what we believe are core theoretical issues that ought to be addressed by any theory of lexical semantics. These key issues are: (1) whether and how we should distinguish between concepts and word meanings; (2) the format of lexico-semantic representations and (3) whether lexico-semantics should be considered as fundamentally context-independent or as context-dependent. We focus in particular on the issue of context-invariance vs. context dependency as we see this is as a core contemporary challenge that needs to be comprehensively addressed in order for the field to move forward. We define context as the conditions under which meaning is learnt and processed. At a minimum this includes the cognitive context (e.g. the prior knowledge of the individual, the learning history), the task context (e.g. language encountered before and after the word itself, what the individual is doing with the linguistic stimuli) and the physical context (e.g. co-occurring non-linguistic information such as perceived faces, gestures, environmental stimuli and so on).
While there is a long-standing tradition that considers word meaning as dynamic, influenced by both linguistic and non-linguistic context and a large body of evidence showing context- effects on processing word meanings, very few attempts have been made at providing a systematic overview of what, when and how context matters in lexico-semantic processing
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
From thought to action: Producing written language
No full textWritten language is unlike other language components –phonological, syntactic, semantic, morphological processing- in several important ways. Written language (reading and spelling) is evolutionarily recent, a human invention that entered our repertoire only a few thousand years ago and has become widespread in the global population only in the past 100 years. As a result, unlike spoken language, written language has not had the opportunity to shape the human genome to provide a blueprint for its neural processing. Also, unlike other language skills, reading and spelling typically require explicit instruction –mere exposure during a sensitive period is usually not sufficient. Furthermore, written language acquisition in the individual follows spoken language acquisition and relies on it heavily. Nonetheless, in the literate adult, written language knowledge and processes become neurally and cognitively autonomous components of the language system, interacting in complex ways with the other language components to produce fluent spoken and written language production. Further, not only does spoken language knowledge influence orthographic processing (Bonin, Fayol & Chalard, 2001; Zhang & Damian 2010), but orthographic knowledge may also influence spoken language processing (Damian & Bowers, 2003; Seidenberg & Tanenhaus, 1979). It is hard to imagine a complete understanding of the psycholinguistics of language that does not include written language. Further, although reading has received considerable research attention and interest in psycholinguistics, written language production, unfortunately, has been the “neglected” language modality. This despite the fact that in this age of written electronic communication via email, texting, messaging, etc., increasing numbers of people are processing written language as much or more than spoken language and everywhere we are bombarded by people producing written language by typing into their phones. In this chapter, we review some of the central issues in the psycholinguistics of single word written language production with the goal of providing the reader with an understanding of the cognitive and neural bases of this important component of our language expertise
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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