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Fig. 1 in Description of Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. (Tunicata, Thaliacea) from the Adriatic Sea
No full textFig. 1. Position of the Lokrum station in the South Adriatic, where specimens of Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. were collected.Published as part of Garić, Rade & Batistić, Mirna, 2016, Description of Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. (Tunicata, Thaliacea) from the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-13 in European Journal of Taxonomy 196 on page 2, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.196, http://zenodo.org/record/383795
Brooksia lacromae Garić & Batistić 2016, sp. nov.
No full textBrooksia lacromae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2B9ACCBD-8B20-437D-B013-468F8E956864 Figs 1–4 Diagnosis Oozooid (solitary form; Fig. 2) Muscles II and III fuse dorsally before fusing with muscle I mid-dorsally. Muscles III and IV fuse briefly dorsolaterally. Muscles IV and V fuse before approaching muscles VI and VII mid-dorsally. There is one longitudinal ventral muscle which extends anteriorly into the proboscis. In addition, the proboscis contains two lateral longitudinal muscles. The ventral longitudinal muscle branches posteriorly into two branches. There are two slit-like openings in the ventral longitudinal muscle, one below the anterior end of the endostyle, and the other slightly anteriorly from the first one. Muscle I fuses with branches of the ventral longitudinal muscle at their anterior part, while muscles VI and VII fuse with them posteriorly. Muscles II, III, IV and V converge ventrally towards the junction between muscle I and the branches of the ventral longitudinal muscle. Muscle II can be slightly fused with muscle I just before its connection with branches of the ventral longitudinal muscle. Endostyle straight. Stolon emerges from the test ventrally, slightly posteriorly from the nucleus. There is one test processus just posteriorly from the stolon (Fig. 4D). Muscles I–VII with 52–58 muscle fibers in total, measured laterally in two examined individuals. Blastozooid (aggregate form; Figs 3, 4 A–C) Sinistral individual – Four muscles on the left side, three muscles on the right side. Dorsal IM1 continues ventrally as the ventral muscle IM1, without extending to the anterior attachment processus (ap1). A branch of dorsal muscle IM1 (IM1-a) extends to the anterior attachment processus (ap1). Dorsal muscles IR, IIR and IIIR branch dichotomously. Dorsal muscle IR-a continues ventrally as ventral muscle IR. Dorsal muscle IR-b continues ventrally as muscle IIR-c. A small branch from muscle IR-b/IIR-c enters the lateral attachment processus (ap2). Dorsal muscle IIR-a continues ventrally as ventral muscle IIR-a. Muscle IIR-b ends blindly on the ventral side of the animal without entering the posterior attachment processus (ap3). Dorsal and ventral muscles IIIR enter the posterior attachment processus (ap3) without joining. Muscles IVL-a and IIIR-a extend from muscles IVL and IIIR, respectively, towards the nucleus. Endostyle curved anteriorly. Muscles IL-IIIL, IR-a,b and IIR-a,b,c with 3 muscle fibers each in all examined individuals. Muscle IVL with from 3 to 9 muscle fibers, muscle IIIR with from 5 to 7 muscle fibers. Dextral individual Mirror image of sinistral individual. Etymology Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. is named after the island of Lokrum near which it has been found. The Latin name of the island of Lokrum is Lacroma. Material examined Two oozooids and 19 blastozooids. Holotype One oozooid (14.8 mm body length, 23.9 mm total length including proboscis), collected from a 0–50 m depth layer on 3 Oct. 2014 in a 53 μm mesh plankton net. It is deposited in the Tunicata collection of the Croatian Natural History Museum under inventory number CNHM Inv. br. 44/1. Allotype One sinistral blastozooid (4.2 mm body length, without attachment processes), collected from a 0–50 m depth layer on 3 Oct. 2014 in a 53 μm mesh plankton net. It is deposited in the Tunicata collection of the Croatian Natural History Museum under inventory number CNHM Inv. br. 44/2 Paratypes One oozooid (11.5 mm body length, 18.2 mm total length including proboscis) and one dextral blastozooid (4.8 mm body length, without attachment processes), collected from a 50–100 m depth layer on 3 Oct. 2014 using a 53 μm mesh plankton net, deposited in the Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (University of Dubrovnik) under inventory number IMP-002; one dextral blastozooid (4.1 mm body length, without attachment processes) collected from a 0–50 m depth layer on 3 Oct. 2014 with a 200 μm mesh plankton net, deposited in the Dubrovnik Natural History Museum under inventory number PMD 2106. Other material 16 blastozooids deposited in the Institute for Coastal and Marine research (University of Dubrovnik) under inventory number IMP-003. Type locality 42°37'21"N, 018°06'05"E, off Dubrovnik, South Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea; Fig. 1). The temperature average in the 0–50 m layer was 19.0°C, with a range between 16.2°C and 22.2°C, while the salinity average was 38.36, with a range between 37.79 and 38.68. In the 50–90 m layer the temperature average was 15.8°C, with a range between 15.5°C and 16.1°C, while the salinity average was 38.71, with a range between 38.67 and 38.77. Remarks Oozooid. Brooksia rostrata and Brooksia berneri oozooids are very similar, differing only in the fact that in B. berneri oozooid muscle I, joined with the intermediate muscle (im), is separated from muscle II and discontinuous mid-dorsally. Due to this fact we will only compare the B. lacromae sp. nov. oozooid to the B. rostrata oozooid. The Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. oozooid has one ventral longitudinal muscle which extends into the proboscis, while B. rostrata has two (Fig. 2). The proboscides in both collected oozooids broke off during collection, but were found in the sample (Fig. 2c). The proboscis of Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. seems to be thinner at the base than in Brooksia rostrata and in both species it contains two lateral longitudinal muscles. The ventral longitudinal muscle in B. lacromae sp. nov. has two small slit-like openings anteriorly, one below the endostyle and the other just anteriorly to it, partly overlapping with the anterior end of the endostyle. In Brooksia lacromae sp. nov., in contrast to B. rostrata, body muscles are not arranged in a barrel-like structure where muscles are perpendicular to the body axis dorsally, as well as ventrally, but they converge to the posterior third of the body. Only muscles I, VI and VII fuse with the branches of the ventral longitudinal muscle, while muscles II, III, IV and V converge to the connection between muscle I and branches of the ventral longitudinal muscle, without fusing with either. Only muscle II can sometimes be slightly connected with muscle I ventrally. The stolon in Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. seems to emerge from the test, slightly posteriorly from the nucleus (Fig. 4D), while in B. rostrata it emerges from the anterior part of the nucleus (Thompson 1948). Blastozooid (sinistral individual). The Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. and Brooksia rostrata blastozooids are very similar. In Brooksia lacromae sp. nov., muscle IIR-b ends blindly on the ventral side of the animal without entering the posterior attachment processus (ap3), while in Brooksia rostrata it enters the posterior attachment processus (ap3). The left intermediate muscle (IM1) in Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. is continuous dorsally and ventrally. Its branch IM1-a enters the anterior attachment processus (ap1). In Brooksia rostrata the left intermediate muscle is discontinuous. Its dorsal and ventral counterparts both enter the anterior attachment processus. Because of this, the anterior attachment processus in B. lacromae sp. nov. possesses two muscles (IM1-a and IM2), while in B. rostrata it possesses three muscles (dorsal and ventral left intermediate muscle and right intermediate muscle). According to Thompson (1948), the right intermediate muscle of the sinistral individual of B. rostrata ends blindly, while after Tokioka (1954) and Godeaux (1998) it connects to muscle I. In B. lacromae sp. nov. the right intermediate muscle (IM2) ends blindly. Genetic analysis There were no differences between blastozooid and oozooid 18S sequences. Between two cox1 sequences there were 7 substitutions out of 837 nucleotides, which results in 0.84% uncorrected pairwise distance. Cox1 sequences were translated using ascidian mitochondrial code and there were no differences in amino acid sequence between them. The uncorrected pairwise distance between the Brooksia rostrata 18S sequence (HQ015403) and the Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. 18S sequence (KR057223) was 1.5% (including gaps). Out of 26 differences in 1740 nucleotides between these two sequences, there were 21 transitions, 4 transversions and one single nucleotide gap.Published as part of Garić, Rade & Batistić, Mirna, 2016, Description of Brooksia lacromae sp. nov. (Tunicata, Thaliacea) from the Adriatic Sea, pp. 1-13 in European Journal of Taxonomy 196 on pages 5-10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.196, http://zenodo.org/record/383795
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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