1,357,456 research outputs found
Esplorare le aree di margine. Valori, potenzialità e strategie di riqualificazione del quartiere Pilastro a Este
No full textQuesto libro è dedicato alla presentazione dei risultati di una ricerca svolta dall’Università per conto di un Ente pubblico, in parte proprietario e gestore di un patrimonio edilizio costituito da un quartiere residenziale realizzato nella seconda metà del Novecento. Molti enti (amministrazioni comunali, provinciali, aziende a maggioranza pubblica come le ATER nella regione Veneto) di dimensione e natura giuridico-amministrativa diversa sono proprietari di beni immobili, per la maggior parte residenziali, realizzati nel periodo più intenso di ricostruzione attuato dallo Stato attraverso i piani INA-Casa. Un piano, attuato in diverse fasi, di enorme portata nel territorio nazionale, le cui dimensioni si possono apprezzare anche in centri urbani di media o piccola dimensione. Il caso di Este, un centro urbano di circa 16.000 abitanti in provincia di Padova, è in questo senso emblematico: per le dimensioni del quartiere in rapporto al centro urbano; per le diverse tipologie edilizie; per la commistione di alloggi e aree di pertinenza di proprietà pubblica e privata; per le condizioni di degrado e di manomissione che tale patrimonio rivela anche in relazione ai sensibili cambiamenti subìti dai modi dell’abitare contemporaneo. La ricerca “Elaborazione di un quadro conoscitivo per l’elaborazione di linee guida per la riqualificazione del quartiere Pilastro nel Comune di Este” è stata affidata all’inizio del 2015 dal Comune di Este al Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università di Ferrara. La ricerca si è articolata in 4 fasi di lavoro: analisi storica della città; analisi cartografica e urbanistica della parte di città oggetto di studio; analisi dello stato di fatto degli edifici e degli spazi urbani del quartiere; analisi dei valori e delle potenzialità del quartiere. Queste fasi sono articolate nell’indice di questo libro che intende quindi presentare non solo i risultati della ricerca, ma anche il processo e le metodologie attraverso i quali il lavoro di ricerca si è svolto. La ricerca ha avuto come principale obiettivo quello di definire un quadro conoscitivo il più possibile completo relativo al quartiere Pilastro a Este, attraverso la raccolta sistematica e lo studio di tutti i documenti messi a disposizione dal Comune di Este e dagli Uffici comunali, e reperibili presso archivi ed enti pubblici, relativi al quartiere, e in particolare alle parti di proprietà pubblica e di interesse pubblico. La redazione del quadro conoscitivo e lo studio preliminare dell’area si è concordato possano portare alla definizione di linee guida, utili per individuare possibili finanziamenti pubblici, di livello regionale, nazionale o europeo, per la riqualificazione e la valorizzazione, anche per fasi, del quartiere.This book reports the results of a research work dedicated to an unacknowledged architectural heritage, although of significant social, economic and environmental relevance, represented by residential quarters built in the second half of the 20th century in Italy, which have long undergone degradation and radical transformations of the needs and usage of both the buildings and the urban space. The aim of the research is to define a cognitive framework of the Pilastro quarter in Este through a systematic analysis of the values and potential deriving from the comparison between documents, archive sources with on site survey drawings dedicated to all the buildings and neighboring spaces. Through this knowledge framework, possible urban-scale intervention strategies have been developed to define three types of environmental and energy redevelopment of buildings, comparatively evaluating four neighborhood regeneration scenarios, with related actors and activation times
Il nuovo assetto del pubblico impiego dopo la riforma Brunetta
No full textIl volume esamina le principali novità introdotte dalla cd. riforma Brunetta e dalle manovre finanziarie del 2010-2011, verificando l'impatto che queste norme hanno prodotto sul modello di impiego pubblico tratteggiato dalle riforme degli anni Novant
Chthonius caprai Gardini 1977
No full textChthonius caprai Gardini, 1977 (Figs 49–59, 411) Chthonius (Neochthonius) caprai Gardini, 1977: 216, figs 1–7. Chthonius (N.) caprai: Callaini 1979a: 129. Chthonius (C.) caprai: Gardini 1995: 44. Chthonius (Chthonius) leoi: Gardini 2011: 825 (Golfo Aranci, Chiaramonti, Villa Scema) Type locality: Italy, Liguria, Genoa Province, Camogli, Monte di Portofino, Semaforo Nuovo (44°19’20”N, 9°09’09”E). Distribution. Italy (Liguria, Sicily and Sardinia). Diagnosis (♂ ♀). An anophthalmic (rarely microphthalmic) epigean Chthonius that differs from other species of the ischnocheles group in the following combination of characters: anterior margin of carapace with 1 (rarely without) preocular microsetae; posterior margin of carapace with 6 (rarely 4) macrosetae; chelicerae with 1 or 2 lateral microsetae; chela length 0.31–0.43 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.21–0.28 mm; chelal fingers with contiguous teeth; movable chelal finger with coupled sensilla pc on a weak tubercle. Type material examined. ITALY — Liguria: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (holotype and paratype), Camogli, Monte di Portofino, Semaforo Nuovo, 2.II.1975, G. Gardini leg. (MSNG); 6 ♀ (paratypes), id. (MHNG, MNHN, NHMW); 1 ♂ 9 ♀ (paratypes), id. (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 2 ♀ (paratypes), Ne, Pian di Fieno, 8. VIII.1976, G. Gardini leg. (G. Gardini coll., Genoa). Other material examined. ITALY — Liguria: Genoa Prov. — 1 ♀, Genova, Villetta Di Negro, 1. V.1975, R. Poggi leg., sieved under Quercus ilex; 1 ♀, Ne, Monte Bossea, 20.IX.2018, M. Zinni & D. Badano leg., under Buxus; 2 ♀, San Colombano Certenoli, SE slope of Monte Ramaceto, 750 m a.s.l., 28. V.2010, L. Galli & G. Torrisi leg., under Pteridium; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Villagrande di Cichero, SE slope of Monte Mignano, 4. VI.2012, M. Capurro leg. Liguria: Imperia Prov. — 1 ♂, Diano San Pietro, Monte Colletto, 400 m a.s.l., 30. V.2007, T. Ardissone leg., Quercus pubescens wood. Liguria: La Spezia Prov. — 1 ♀, Deiva Marina, 26.X.1972, R. Poggi leg., Quercus suber wood; 5 ♂ 9 ♀, Vernazza, 25.II.2014, G. Lionetti leg., vineyard. Liguria: Savona Prov. — 1 ♂, Laigueglia, Colla Micheli, 132 m a.s.l., 13.I.2019, P. Gardini & C. Giusto leg., under Quercus ilex. Sicily: Agrigento Prov. — 1 ♀, Isola Lampedusa, Cala Galera, 2.XII.1992, R. Poggi leg. (MSNG). Sicily: Ragusa Prov. — 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Cava d’Ispica, 3.IV.2010, G. Gardini leg., under Ceratonia . Sicily: Trapani Prov. — 6 ♀, Isola di Pantelleria, 7.X.1994, S. Ragusa di Chiara leg., leaf litter; 5 ♀, id., 14.XII.1994, S. Ragusa di Chiara leg., leaf litter; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 20.II.2002, B. Massa leg. Sardinia: Cagliari Prov. — 1 ♀, Villacidro, Villa Scema, 20.IX.1986, P. Leo leg. Sardinia: Sassari Prov. — 1 ♀, Chiaramonti, 30.XII.1994, L. Fancello & P. Leo leg.; 1 ♀, Golfo Aranci, 19.I.1994, L. Fancello & P. Leo leg. Description of adults (♂ ♀). Integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale brown; weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm and on base of fixed chelal finger. Carapace (Fig. 51) 0.95–1.0 times longer than broad, quadrate, weakly constricted posteriorly; anterior margin between median macrosetae with a prominent epistome, that has sharp denticles, mainly in females (Figs 49–50); no eyes or eye-spots [rarely microphthalmic, according to Callaini (1979a)]; standard chaetotaxy m 4m:6:4:2:6(24), lateral macrosetae of posterior margin of carapace mainly shorter than medial ones; specimens from Sardinia (Chiaramonti, Golfo Aranci, Villa Scema) and Pantelleria Isl. without preocular microsetae; posterior margin of carapace rarely with five macrosetae (Fig. 51), with four, five or six macrosetae in females from Pantelleria Isl. (see also Gardini 1995); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.05–0.06 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 8–11:(3)8–10(3):(2)6–8(2):8–9:6–7:6:6:6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of males flanked by 6 (rarely 5) setae on each side. Chelicerae (Fig. 52) 1.95–2.0 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 1 or 2 lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 8–11 teeth; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) located more proximal than the spinneret, and 7–8 teeth proximally reduced in size; gs ratio 0.55–0.62; spinneret prominent in both sexes (Figs 52–53); rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior with 10–12 and 12–14 blades respectively. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5–6, IV 6–7; coxa II with 3–7 coxal spines, coxa III with 1–5 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 3.8–4.1 (♂) or 3.4–4.0 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5:2:5:1; chela (Figs 56, 59) 4.4–4.7 (♂) or 4.1–4.6 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.4–1.6 (♂ ♀) times as long as deep, ovoid in dorsal view (Figs 54–55); fixed chelal finger with 42–53 contiguous teeth, tall and rectangular in the distal half of the finger, apically truncated and then rounded in the proximal half (Figs 57–58); all teeth with dental canal; fixed finger at level of est-it with about 11 teeth occupying 0.05 mm; tip of fixed chelal finger with apical sensilla af 1- 2 , distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 37–47 contiguous teeth, similar to those of fixed chelal finger, apically rounded from sb towards finger base (Figs 56–59); movable finger at level of st-t with about 11 teeth occupying 0.05 mm; coupled sensilla pc mainly just distad of sb and on a weak tubercle; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla am 1- 2 ; trichobothria as in figs 56, 59; trichobothrium sb halfway between b and st or just closer to b; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.75–2.1 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.9–1.0 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 0.8–1.0 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.6–0.7 (♂) or 0.75–0.95 (♀). Carapace 0.22–0.24 × 0.22–0.24 (♂) or 0.26–0.28 × 0.26–0.29 (♀). Chelicerae 0.18–0.20 × 0.09–0.10 (♂) or 0.215–0.25 × 0.105–0.12 (♀); movable finger length 0.09–0.105 (♂) or 0.105–0.13 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.19–0.20 × 0.05 (♂) or 0.21–0.275 × 0.06–0.075 (♀); chela 0.31–0.35 × 0.07 (♂) or 0.34–0.43 × 0.08–0.10 (♀); hand length 0.10–0.11 (♂) or 0.12–0.16 (♀); movable finger length 0.21–0.225 (♂) or 0.23–0.28 (♀). Remarks. Among the species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group, C. caprai is morphologically similar to the epigean C. jonicus Beier, 1931 also known from central and southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia, and to C. leoi (Callaini, 1988) from Sardinia. Chthonius caprai differs from C. jonicus in the following characters: posterior margin of carapace mainly with 6 macrosetae (with 4 macrosetae in C. jonicus); no eyes (anterior eyes with flat lens, posterior ones reduced to a pale cuticular area in C. jonicus); chelicerae with 1 or 2 lateral microsetae (without lateral microsetae in C. jonicus); chela length 0.31–0.43 mm (0.40–0.51 mm in C. jonicus); movable chelal finger length 0.21–0.28 mm (0.275–0.34 mm in C. jonicus); movable chelal finger with coupled sensilla pc on a weak tubercle (coupled sensilla pc not on a tubercle in C. jonicus). Chthonius caprai differs from C. leoi in the following characters: anterior margin of carapace mainly with 1 preocular microseta on each side (without preocular microsetae in C. leoi); posterior margin of carapace mainly with 6 macrosetae (with 4 macrosetae in C. leoi). The disjointed distribution of Chthonius caprai (Fig. 411), not recorded so far from central and southern Italy, may be caused by a lack of sampling and difficulties imposed by the small size of the species. Ligurian specimens show stability in carapacal chaetotaxy (anterior margin with 1 preocular microseta on each side, posterior margin with 6, rarely 5, macrosetae) while specimens from Pantelleria Isl. and Sardinia lack preocular microsetae, and specimens from Pantelleria Isl. have the posterior margin of carapace with 4 to 6 macrosetae. Moreover, part of the specimens from the Aeolian Archipelago are microphthalmic (Callaini 1979a). Variability of the main characters used to distinguish Chthonius leoi from C. caprai may suggest a probable synonymy of the two species, which however is not formally proposed here due to the scarcity of the Sardinian specimens available for examination. The above description of Chthonius caprai incorporates the data provided by Gardini (1977).Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2021, The Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), with reference to neighbouring countries, pp. 1-131 in Zootaxa 4987 (1) on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4987.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/497965
Chthonius euganeus Gardini 1991
No full textChthonius euganeus Gardini, 1991 (Figs 117–126, 409) Chthonius (C.) euganeus Gardini, 1991: 169, figs 1–7. Chthonius mingazzinii Callaini, 1991: 265, figs Ia–f (n. syn.). Type locality: Italy, Veneto, Padua Province, Rovolon, Busa de l’Orso 1398 V / PD (45°23’22”N, 11°40’24”E) Distribution. Italy (Veneto, Romagna). Diagnosis (♂ ♀). An anophthalmic subterranean Chthonius that differs from other species of the ischnocheles group in the following combination of characters: anterior margin of carapace strongly denticulate, with widely prominent epistome, and with 1 preocular microseta on each side; posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae, without lateral microsetae; chelicerae with 2 or 3 lateral microsetae; chela length 0.97–1.10 mm; chela 5.8–6.35 times as long as deep; chelal fingers with contiguous teeth; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 60–84 and 50–59 teeth respectively; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.45–1.55. Type material of C. euganeus examined . ITALY — Veneto: Padua Prov. — 1 ♂ (holotype), 2 ♀ (paratypes), Rovolon, Busa de l’Orso 1398 V / PD, 43 m a.s.l., 28.V.1983, E. Piva & I. Ferrari leg. (MSNV). Other material examined. ITALY — Veneto: Padua Prov. — 2 ♀, Rovolon, Busa de l’Orso 1398 V / PD, 43 m a.s.l., 28.XII.1991, E. Piva leg. Veneto: Vicenza Prov. — 1 ♀, Alonte, near La Fontana, 45 m a.s.l., 16.VI.1996, E. Piva leg. Description of adults (♂ ♀). Weak troglomorphic facies; integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale reddish brown; weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm and on base of fixed chelal finger. Carapace 0.9–1.0 times longer than broad, trapezoidal, constricted posteriorly; anterior margin between median macrosetae with denticles and a broad, rather flat epistome in both sexes (Figs. 117–118); no eyes or eye-spots; chaetotaxy m 4m:6:4:2:2(20); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.10–0.12 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 10:(3)8–10(3):(2)7–10(2):7– 8:6: 6: 6: 6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of male flanked by 6–9 setae. Chelicerae (Fig. 119) 2.3 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6(7) setae and (2)3 lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 2 distal large teeth followed by 8–10 small teeth proximally reduced in size; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) at level (♂) or just distad (♀) of the spinneret, followed by a large tooth and 6–10 teeth proximally reduced in size; gs ratio 0.57–0.58; spinneret weakly raised in males, more prominent and rounded in females (Figs 119–120); rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 14 and 17–18 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III (5)6(7), IV 6–7; coxa II with 9–10 coxal spines, coxa III with 4–6 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 5.8 (♂) or 5.7–5.9 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:6:2:6:1; chela (Figs 122–123) 6.35 (♂) or 5.8–6.15 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.1 (♂) or 1.9–2.05 (♀) times as long as deep, long ovoid in dorsal view (Fig. 121); fixed chelal finger with 78–84 (60 in ♀ from Alonte) contiguous teeth, cuspidate and slightly inclined backwards in the distal half of the finger, apically rounded in the proximal half (Figs 124–126); all teeth with dental canal; fixed finger at level of est-it with 10–11 (9 in ♀ from Alonte) teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.009 –0.010 mm (0.011 in ♀ from Alonte); tip of fixed chelal finger with apical sensilla af 1- 2 , distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 50–59 contiguous teeth, reclined and apically pointed in the distal third of the finger, apically rounded and increasingly reduced towards finger base, reaching back to level of b; between sb and b teeth mainly recognizable by the presence of dental canal (Figs 124–126); movable finger at level of st-t with 9–10 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.010 –0.011 mm; coupled sensilla pc at level of sb or just distad of sb; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla am 1- 2 ; trichobothria as in figs 122–123; ratio sb -st/sb -b = 1.3–1.7; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 2.0 (♂) or 1.9–2.1 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.0 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.45–1.55 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.55–1.6 (♂ ♀). Carapace 0.45 × 0.45 (♂) or 0.44–0.47 × 0.47–0.51 (♀). Chelicerae 0.455 × 0.20 (♂) or 0.47–0.50 × 0.205–0.22 (♀); movable finger length 0.23 (♂) or 0.24–0.26 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.70 × 0.12 (♂) or 0.66–0.74 × 0.115–0.13 (♀); chela 1.02 × 0.16 (♂) or 0.97–1.10 × 0.165–0.18 (♀); hand length 0.34 (♂) or 0.31–0.37 (♀); movable finger length 0.68 (♂) or 0.65–0.74 (♀). Remarks. Chthonius mingazzinii was described by Callaini (1991) from a female collected at Crepaccio, Pietramora near Brisighella (Ravenna Province, Romagna). Crepaccio presumably corresponds to the cave Crepaccio a Ovest di Ca’ Masiera 764 E/ RA. The female holotype is currently unavailable and presumably lost (Callaini, in litt.: April 7, 2019). Morphological characteristics and measurements of the Chthonius euganeus females examined here almost perfectly match the description and figures of C. mingazzinii, apart from the number of coxal spines (coxa II 9–10, III 4–6 in C. euganeus vs. coxa II 6–7, III 2–4 in C. mingazzinii). Chthonius mingazzinii Callaini, 1991 is therefore proposed as a junior subjective synonym of Chthonius euganeus Gardini, 1991 (n. syn.). Among the species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group, C. euganeus is morphologically similar to the subterranean C. herminii from which it differs in the following characters: no eyes (anterior eyes with flat lens, posterior eyes absent in C. herminii); chelicerae with 2 or 3 lateral microsetae (with 1 lateral microseta in C. herminii); fixed and movable chelal fingers (♂ ♀) with 60–84 and 50–59 teeth respectively (55–62 and 48–52 in C. herminii); fixed and movable chelal fingers (♂ ♀) at level of est -ist and st -t with 9–11 and 9–10 teeth, respectively, occupying 0.1 mm; distance between successive apices 0.009 –0.011 and 0.010 –0.011 mm respectively (with 6–9 and 6–8 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.011 –0.017 and 0.012 –0.016 mm, in C. herminii); ratio of movable finger/hand of chela (♂ ♀) 1.9–2.1 (2.2–2.4 in C. herminii). The above description of Chthonius euganeus given here incorporates the previous one by Gardini (1991).Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2021, The Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), with reference to neighbouring countries, pp. 1-131 in Zootaxa 4987 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4987.1.
Introduzione [a: Il traduttore come personaggio di finzione a cura di Michela Gardini, Milano, FrancoAngeli, 2023]
No full textIl volume è pensato come una raccolta di contributi intorno alla questione della svolta finzionale della traduzione, tra letteratura e cinema, con un focus particolare sulla scrittura letteraria. Il traduttore (così come l’interprete) incarna un personaggio complesso capace di condensare su di sé le problematiche proprie della società contemporanea all’insegna della transculturalità, del travalicamento dei confini non solo geografici ma soprattutto culturali e linguistici; una figura che trova nel movimento e nella relazione - talvolta anche nel conflitto - la propria cifra, all’intersezione di una molteplicità di temi e problematiche quali la comunicazione, le migrazioni, le questioni di genere, il lavoro, i processi di decolonizzazione, la guerra. L’intento è quello di esplorare il potenziale narrativo ed estetico, spesso associato a un portato etico e politico, di questo personaggio che ha fatto irruzione sulla scena della finzione contemporanea spesso nei panni del protagonista, andando progressivamente a sgretolare il paradigma della sua invisibilità. Esso ci interpella rispetto alla concezione stessa della creazione letteraria, invitando il lettore a un corpo a corpo con la scrittura che viene continuamente rinegoziata e rimodellata sotto la spinta di un personaggio che trova nella parola la propria ragion d’essere
Chthonius euganeus Gardini 1991
No full text<i>Chthonius euganeus</i> Gardini, 1991 <p>(Figs 117–126, 409)</p> <p> <i>Chthonius (C.) euganeus</i> Gardini, 1991: 169, figs 1–7.</p> <p> <i>Chthonius mingazzinii</i> Callaini, 1991: 265, figs Ia–f <b>(n. syn.)</b>.</p> <p> <b>Type locality</b>: Italy, Veneto, Padua Province, Rovolon, Busa de l’Orso 1398 V / PD (45°23’22”N, 11°40’24”E)</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Italy (Veneto, Romagna).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis (♂ ♀).</b> An anophthalmic subterranean <i>Chthonius</i> that differs from other species of the <i>ischnocheles</i> group in the following combination of characters: anterior margin of carapace strongly denticulate, with widely prominent epistome, and with 1 preocular microseta on each side; posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae, without lateral microsetae; chelicerae with 2 or 3 lateral microsetae; chela length 0.97–1.10 mm; chela 5.8–6.35 times as long as deep; chelal fingers with contiguous teeth; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 60–84 and 50–59 teeth respectively; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.45–1.55.</p> <p> <b> Type material of <i>C. euganeus</i> examined</b> . ITALY — <i>Veneto: Padua Prov.</i> — 1 ♂ (holotype), 2 ♀ (paratypes), Rovolon, Busa de l’Orso 1398 V / PD, 43 m a.s.l., 28.V.1983, E. Piva & I. Ferrari leg. (MSNV).</p> <p> <b>Other material examined</b>. ITALY — <i>Veneto: Padua Prov.</i> — 2 ♀, Rovolon, Busa de l’Orso 1398 V / PD, 43 m a.s.l., 28.XII.1991, E. Piva leg. <i>Veneto: Vicenza Prov.</i> — 1 ♀, Alonte, near La Fontana, 45 m a.s.l., 16.VI.1996, E. Piva leg.</p> <p> <b>Description of adults (♂ ♀).</b> Weak troglomorphic facies; integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale reddish brown; weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm and on base of fixed chelal finger. Carapace 0.9–1.0 times longer than broad, trapezoidal, constricted posteriorly; anterior margin between median macrosetae with denticles and a broad, rather flat epistome in both sexes (Figs. 117–118); no eyes or eye-spots; chaetotaxy m 4m:6:4:2:2(20); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.10–0.12 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 10:(3)8–10(3):(2)7–10(2):7– 8:6: 6: 6: 6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of male flanked by 6–9 setae. Chelicerae (Fig. 119) 2.3 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6(7) setae and (2)3 lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 2 distal large teeth followed by 8–10 small teeth proximally reduced in size; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (<i>di</i>) at level (♂) or just distad (♀) of the spinneret, followed by a large tooth and 6–10 teeth proximally reduced in size; <i>gs</i> ratio 0.57–0.58; spinneret weakly raised in males, more prominent and rounded in females (Figs 119–120); rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 14 and 17–18 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III (5)6(7), IV 6–7; coxa II with 9–10 coxal spines, coxa III with 4–6 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 5.8 (♂) or 5.7–5.9 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:6:2:6:1; chela (Figs 122–123) 6.35 (♂) or 5.8–6.15 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.1 (♂) or 1.9–2.05 (♀) times as long as deep, long ovoid in dorsal view (Fig. 121); fixed chelal finger with 78–84 (60 in ♀ from Alonte) contiguous teeth, cuspidate and slightly inclined backwards in the distal half of the finger, apically rounded in the proximal half (Figs 124–126); all teeth with dental canal; fixed finger at level of <i>est-it</i> with 10–11 (9 in ♀ from Alonte) teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.009 –0.010 mm (0.011 in ♀ from Alonte); tip of fixed chelal finger with apical sensilla <i>af</i> <i>1-</i> 2 , distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 50–59 contiguous teeth, reclined and apically pointed in the distal third of the finger, apically rounded and increasingly reduced towards finger base, reaching back to level of <i>b</i>; between <i>sb</i> and <i>b</i> teeth mainly recognizable by the presence of dental canal (Figs 124–126); movable finger at level of <i>st-t</i> with 9–10 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.010 –0.011 mm; coupled sensilla <i>pc</i> at level of <i>sb</i> or just distad of <i>sb</i>; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla <i>am</i> <i>1-</i> 2 ; trichobothria as in figs 122–123; ratio <i>sb -st/sb -b</i> = 1.3–1.7; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 2.0 (♂) or 1.9–2.1 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.0 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.45–1.55 (♂ ♀).</p> <p>Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.55–1.6 (♂ ♀). Carapace 0.45 × 0.45 (♂) or 0.44–0.47 × 0.47–0.51 (♀). Chelicerae 0.455 × 0.20 (♂) or 0.47–0.50 × 0.205–0.22 (♀); movable finger length 0.23 (♂) or 0.24–0.26 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.70 × 0.12 (♂) or 0.66–0.74 × 0.115–0.13 (♀); chela 1.02 × 0.16 (♂) or 0.97–1.10 × 0.165–0.18 (♀); hand length 0.34 (♂) or 0.31–0.37 (♀); movable finger length 0.68 (♂) or 0.65–0.74 (♀).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Chthonius mingazzinii</i> was described by Callaini (1991) from a female collected at Crepaccio, Pietramora near Brisighella (Ravenna Province, Romagna). Crepaccio presumably corresponds to the cave Crepaccio a Ovest di Ca’ Masiera 764 E/ RA. The female holotype is currently unavailable and presumably lost (Callaini, in litt.: April 7, 2019). Morphological characteristics and measurements of the <i>Chthonius euganeus</i> females examined here almost perfectly match the description and figures of <i>C. mingazzinii</i>, apart from the number of coxal spines (coxa II 9–10, III 4–6 in <i>C. euganeus</i> vs. coxa II 6–7, III 2–4 in <i>C. mingazzinii</i>). <i>Chthonius mingazzinii</i> Callaini, 1991 is therefore proposed as a junior subjective synonym of <i>Chthonius euganeus</i> Gardini, 1991 (<b>n. syn.</b>).</p> <p> Among the species of the <i>Chthonius ischnocheles</i> group, <i>C. euganeus</i> is morphologically similar to the subterranean <i>C. herminii</i> from which it differs in the following characters: no eyes (anterior eyes with flat lens, posterior eyes absent in <i>C. herminii</i>); chelicerae with 2 or 3 lateral microsetae (with 1 lateral microseta in <i>C. herminii</i>); fixed and movable chelal fingers (♂ ♀) with 60–84 and 50–59 teeth respectively (55–62 and 48–52 in <i>C. herminii</i>); fixed and movable chelal fingers (♂ ♀) at level of <i>est -ist</i> and <i>st -t</i> with 9–11 and 9–10 teeth, respectively, occupying 0.1 mm; distance between successive apices 0.009 –0.011 and 0.010 –0.011 mm respectively (with 6–9 and 6–8 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.011 –0.017 and 0.012 –0.016 mm, in <i>C. herminii</i>); ratio of movable finger/hand of chela (♂ ♀) 1.9–2.1 (2.2–2.4 in <i>C. herminii</i>).</p> <p> The above description of <i>Chthonius euganeus</i> given here incorporates the previous one by Gardini (1991).</p>Published as part of <i>Gardini, Giulio, 2021, The Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), with reference to neighbouring countries, pp. 1-131 in Zootaxa 4987 (1)</i> on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4987.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4979653">http://zenodo.org/record/4979653</a>
External Powers in Latin America
No full textThis book examines the role of external powers in Latin America in the 21st century. Non-traditional partners have significantly increased their political and economic engagement with the continent. Five key questions arise: why has this surge taken place; when has it happened; in which regions and sectors is it mostly felt; what is the Latin American perspective; and what are the actual results? The book analyses 16 case studies: the United States, the European Union, China, Russia, Japan, Canada, India, Turkey, Iran, Israel, South Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, the ASEAN countries, South Africa and Australia. The spectrum of existing explanations in the literature spans from neo-extractivism to South-South cooperation. This volume places them in context and proposes a more multifaceted approach, stressing a combination of systemic factors and internal dynamics both in Latin America and in the external partner countries. Geopolitics still matters and so do nation states, their interests and leaders. Ultimately, this surge in engagement has largely reproduced past patterns. Are new partners that different from the old ones
Zaragozachthonius siculus Gardini 2020, n. sp.
No full textZaragozachthonius siculus n. sp. (Figs 1–18, 38) Type locality: Italy, Sicily, Syracuse Prov., Melilli, Integral Nature Reserve of Villasmundo–S. Alfio (37°13’0.91”N 15°06’1.36”E) Distribution. Italy (Sicily). Etymology. From the Latin adjective siculus, relative or pertaining to Sicily. Diagnosis (³♀). An anophthalmous or microphthalmous endogean Zaragozachthonius species that differs from Z. karamanianus in the following characters: no eyes or anterior ones reduced to a pale cuticular area (anterior eyes with slightly convex lens, posterior ones reduced to a pale cuticular area in Z. karamanianus), fixed chelal finger with 34–45 teeth (with 44–55 teeth in Z. karamanianus), distal half of fixed chelal finger with teeth that more broadly spaced, at level of est-it with about 7–9 teeth occupying 0.05 mm (with more close-set teeth, at level of est-it with about 8–10 teeth occupying 0.05 mm in Z. karamanianus), basal apodeme of movable chelal finger long, finger–shaped (apodeme short and squat in Z. karamanianus). Type material. ITALY— Sicily: Syracuse Prov. — 1 ♀ (holotype) 1 ♂ (paratype), Melilli, Integral Nature Reserve of Villasmundo-S. Alfio, 150 m a.s.l., 21.X.2019, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (MHNG); 2 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 8.X/ 12.XI.2018, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 11 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 14. III / 29.VIII.2019, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 8. V.2020, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 1 ♂ 7 ♀ (paratypes), same locality, 9. VI.2020, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa); 1 ♂ 1 T (paratypes), same locality, 4.VIII.2020, G. Nicolosi leg., pitfall traps in MSS limestone (G. Gardini coll., Genoa). Description of adults (³♀). Integument slightly pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps pale brown; hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, the cheliceral palm and on the base of chelal fingers. Carapace (Fig. 3) 1.0–1.05 times longer than broad, anterior margin between median macrosetae with prominent epistome (Figs 1–2); ocular area as in fig. 3, no eyes, rarely anterior eyes reduced to a pale cuticular area; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:4(20), posterior row rarely with 5 setae (♂); lateral setae of posterior row about half the length of the median ones; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.06–0.07 mm; preocular microsetae absent. Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 9:(3)8–9(3):(2)6(2):8:6:6:6:6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of males mainly flanked by 6 setae on each side; male genitalia without a median hiatus (mh) between setae of each row of guard-setae (gs). Chelicerae (Fig. 4) 2.1–2.3 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae, without lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 6–10 teeth, of which the two distals are larger; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di), just proximad of the spinneret, a large tooth and 6–7 teeth proximally reduced in size; gl ratio 0.54–0.56; spinneret weakly prominent in both sexes; rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 12–13 and 14 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 7 (6 and 7 in a male); coxa II with 5–8 coxal spines, coxa III with 3–4 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.4–4.9 (♂), 4.5 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5(6):2:5:1; chela (Figs 8–9) 4.8–5.15 (♂), 4.4–4.7 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.85–2.0 (♂) 1.8–1.85 (♀) times as long as deep, long ovoid in dorsal view (Figs 5–6), with 4 posterior setae (ph 3 present); fixed chelal finger with 34–45 reclined, slightly spaced out teeth, the 18–20 distal ones pointed, apically rounded and increasingly reduced from trichobothrium est towards finger base (Figs 10–12); all teeth with dental canals; base of fixed chelal finger with 3–4 microtubercles; fixed finger at level of est-it with 7–9 teeth occupying 0.05 mm (distance between successive apices 0.007 –0.009 mm); tip of fixed chelal finger with an accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face (Figs 7, 10) and with apical sensilla af 1- 2 , subdistal modified tooth mt absent; tip of fixed chelal finger of both sexes weakly hollowed on paraxial face, without subdistal protuberance sp (Fig. 7); distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 26–33 reclined, spaced out teeth, apically pointed proximally up to trichobothrium t, rounded and increasingly reduced from t towards finger base, reaching back halfway between sb -b; all teeth with dental canals; movable finger at level of st-t with about 6–7 teeth occupying 0.05 mm (distance between successive apices 0.008 –0.009 mm); coupled sensilla pc halfway between trichobothria b-sb; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla am 1- 2 ; chelal condylar and apodemal complex as in figs 13–15, basal apodeme of movable chelal finger long, finger–shaped, apically truncated; trichobothria as in figs 8–9; ratio sb -st/sb -b = 1.5; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.5–1.6 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.0–1.1 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.15–1.2 (♂ ♀). Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.80–1.0 (♂ ♀). Carapace 0.27 × 0.27 (0.25 anteriorly) (♂), 0.28–0.295 × 0.285–0.31 (0.27–0.29 anteriorly) (♀). Chelicerae 0.245–0.25 × 0.11–0.115 (♂), 0.275–0.29 × 0.13–0.14 (♀); movable finger length 0.12 (♂), 0.14–0.145 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.31–0.32 × 0.065–0.07 (♂), 0.34 × 0.075 (♀); chela 0.48–0.49 × 0.095–0.10 (♂), 0.52–0.535 × 0.11–0.12 (♀); hand length 0.185–0.19 (♂), 0.20–0.215 (♀); movable finger length 0.30 (♂), 0.315–0.32 (♀). Description of tritonymph. Integument with weak pigmentation, hispid granulation less marked than in adults. Carapace 1.0 times longer than broad, anterior margin between median macrosetae with prominent epistome, no eyes; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:4(20), lateral setae of posterior row shorter than median ones; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.05 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–IX 5:(2)8(2):(1)6(1):8:6:6:6:6. Chelicerae 2.0 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae, without lateral microsetae; fixed finger with 7 teeth, proximally reduced in size; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) and 7 teeth; gl ratio 0.53; spinneret prominent. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 4, IV 5; coxa II with 5 coxal spines, coxa III with 2–3 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.3 times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5:2:4:1; chela 4.6 times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.75 times as long as deep, with 4 posterior setae; fixed chelal finger with 38 contiguous teeth, apically pointed proximally up to halfway between trichobothria et -it; tip of fixed chelal finger with an accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face (Fig. 16); movable chelal finger with 28 teeth, apically pointed proximally up to trichobothrium t, reduced in size towards finger base, reaching back between st and b; all teeth with dental canals; coupled sensilla pc just distad of b; chelal condylar and apodemal complex as in figs 17–18; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.65; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.05; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.05. Measurements (in mm). Body length 0.70. Carapace 0.23 × 0.225 (0.21 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.19 × 0.095, movable finger length 0.095. Pedipalp: femur 0.24 × 0.055; chela 0.37 × 0.08; hand length 0.14; movable finger length 0.23. Remarks. Comparisons between Zaragozachthonius siculus and Z. karamanianus are reported in the Diagnosis section for each species. The Sicilian records of Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931 reported by Gardini (2000) remain to be verified, due to the likely misidentification with Z. siculus.Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2020, Zaragozachthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), a new genus with species in Italy and the Balkan peninsula, pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 4894 (4) on pages 537-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4894.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/431670
STRUCTURAL BIOINFORMATICS: A WINDOW TO OBSERVE THE PROTEIN UNIVERSE
No full textAnalyzing huge amounts of data that are stored in biologically relevant databases to find information to be translated into new general knowledge, is the essence of Bioinformatics. During my PhD training, have implemented Structural Bioinformatics procedures to derive information from the wealth of structural data that is publically available from the Protein Data Bank. From the thousands of experimentally derived structures where proteins are bound to other proteins, nucleic acids or small organic molecules, We found signals for interpreting the rationale underneath Nature’s assignment of codon multiplicity. The fact that arginine appeared as the most common amino acid at protein-nucleic acid interfaces, not only explained the reason why the latter amino acids has six different codons, in spite of its average occurrence in proteins [Gardini S, Cheli S, Baroni S, Di Lascio G, Mangiavacchi G, Micheletti N, Monaco CL, Savini L, Alocci D, Mangani S, Niccolai N. On Nature's Strategy for Assigning Genetic Code Multiplicity. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0148174], but also suggested possible roles of natural amino acids to determine specific dynamics of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. I investigated in details the dynamics of protein-DNA approaches, by analysing amino acid occurrence at protein-DNA interfaces in a series of refined PDB files. The presence of negatively charged side chains of aspartate and glutamate at the protein-DNA interface was observed in a large majority of DNA complexes with enzymes such as polymerases, helicases, topoisomerases etc., that is in all those structures related to systems requiring a very dynamic intermolecular approach. Whenever a more static protein-DNA is needed, for instance in the case of histons, the largest presence of interfacial arginines is found to ensure sticky interactions between its guanidine side chains with DNA phosphate backbone groups. Transcription factors, interestingly, exhibited an intermediate behaviour [Gardini S, Furini S, Santucci A, Niccolai N. A structural bioinformatics investigation on protein-DNA complexes delineates their modes of interaction. Mol Biosyst. 2017 May 2;13(5):1010-1017]. The latter results, having an extreme relevance in possible biotechnological applications, stimulated Gardini to test, with computational and experimental procedures, the validity of his hypothesis. This activity has been carried out in Prof. Matteo Dal Peraro’s lab in Losanna and in Prof. Annalisa Pastore’s lab in London. He tried to use Molecular Dynamics simulations by using the computational facilities of the Swiss lab to confirm how Arg/Lys replacements could modulate protein sliding along DNA rails. In London, he tried to engineer amino acid mutations on model systems of DNA related enzymes. Both investigations will require additional time, as in the three months spent both in Switzerland and United Kingdom, he could not achieve unambiguous results. A third Structural Bioinformatics project is now close to its completion that is to find messages in protein core compositions, which can determine specific protein folding. In this respect, encouraging results have been obtained and a manuscript is in preparation
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