1,720,965 research outputs found
Aspetti medico-legali
No full textÈ in continuo incremento la conflittualità medico-paziente in rapporto a veri o supposti episodi di malpractice, anche in settori finora rimasti pressoché indenni, quali l’oncologia.
La ragione del crescente numero di errori è dovuta anche alla crescente complessità delle strutture sanitarie.
L’informazione e l’ottenimento di un valido consenso a un trattamento sanitario sono requisiti imprescindibili affinché il trattamento stesso sia eticamente, deontologicamente e giuridicamente lecito.
I progressi della scienza e della tecnologia hanno generato un’illusione positivistica dove, al potere terapeutico della relazione di cura, si sostituisce la potenza materiale della tecnologia. Tale aspettativa, inevitabilmente delusa, genera insoddisfazione, sfiducia e demotivazione, delegittimando socialmente la professione del medico.
La spinta conflittuale tra medico-paziente ha portato alla diffusione di pratiche di medicina difensiva, ossia la messa a punto e lo sviluppo di strategie “terapeutiche” mirate, prima ancora che a fornire la cura migliore, a proteggere il professionista o la struttura sanitaria dalle potenziali implicazioni di responsabilità.
La legge n. 24/2017 ha l’obiettivo di far fronte a due problematiche principali: la necessità di regolamentare la mole del contenzioso giudiziario per ricercare un nuovo equilibrio nei rapporti tra strutture sanitarie, esercenti la professione sanitaria e pazienti, e la necessità di contrastare il fenomeno della medicina difensiva, in quanto produttiva di un uso inappropriato delle risorse destinate alla sanità. La legge cerca di affrontare “a tutto
campo” il complesso fenomeno della responsabilità professionale sanitaria
Legal and ethical issues related to multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR) in spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies: an interdisciplinary analysis based on a case study
No full textFollowing the uncertainty expressed by a group of healthcare professionals working in the gynaecology and obstetrics department of an Italian public hospital on how to proceed in the case of patients asking for a multifetal preg- nancy reduction (MPR), the need to further investigate the topic led to the constitution of a working group devoted to discussing the topic through an interdisciplinary approach.
The purpose of this work is therefore to present the legal and ethical issues ad- dressed through the analysis of: 1) the literature on the subject; 2) legislation, doctrine and case-law related to the foetal reduction procedure; 3) the ethical issues raised by the request and implementation of that procedure. Although, under certain conditions, the legal and ethical legitimacy of this procedure can be sustained, we argue that there is a need for clarification with regard to the definition of the term and its links to existing legislation, as well as for the development of guidelines to assist health professional
Exhumation, from tomb violation to immortality strategy
No full textThe exhumation, is the procedure of opening the tomb, unearthing and recovery of the mortal remains from the sepulchre. Despite the reluctance towards the violation of the burials in all cultures and in all historical periods, the exhumation action underlying the study of ancient necropolises and the knowledge that derives from them, took place over time and still occurs in different populations for very sundry reasons. If we exclude accidental causes and the ordinary disinterment practiced today to create space in western cemeteries, it is observed that from an anthropological and historical point of view the exhumation, going against what is an innate principle of human nature, has always been a dense choice of cultural, political, ideological, and religious meanings, charged with serious implications of social and moral order
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Unusual case of traumatic carotid artery dissection occurred during a work-related activity. A case report
Full text linkCarotid artery dissection secondary to cervical blunt trauma is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that can cause a variety of clinical presentations, including stroke, headache, neck pain, tinnitus, Horner syndrome and cranial neuropathies and is associated with long-term sequelae. We report a case of a 49-year-old industrial vehicles mechanic who was projected to the ground by the explosion of the tire of a heavy truck he was inflating. In the following hours he presented various neurological signs and symptoms and was admitted to the Emergency Department. During hospitalization the patient underwent clinical and instrumental investigations with AngioCT and MR finding of left internal carotid artery dissection in correspondence of its cervical segment and three acute ischemic lesions in the left temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Medical management was successful and the patient was discharged from the hospital three weeks after the admission but he wasn't able to get back to work due to neurological sequelae. This case report illustrates that traumatic carotid artery dissection, although rare, should be considered in patients who present neurological symptoms after an explosion, can meet the criteria for a work-related injury and may lead to a permanent decrease in the ability to work
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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