1,720,971 research outputs found
Gli ultimi Neandertaliani in Italia: aspetti culturali
No full textDurante il MIS 3 è attestata in Italia del Sud, una generale successione Musteriano/Uluzziano/Aurignaziano. Sulla base dei principali siti stratificati sono sinteticamente esaminati i cambiamenti presenti all’interno di questa successione, in relazione alle strategie di sussistenza, di approvvigionamento, di sfruttamento del territorio e alle attività produttivei. Il comportamento degli Uluzziani mostra dinamiche in evoluzione rispetto al Musteriano e aspetti economici e comportamentali più affini all’Aurignaziano, con l’eccezione della produzione litica. Non sembra che l’espandersi degli Aurignaziani da Nord verso il Sud della nostra Penisola abbia tuttavia dato luogo a forme di acculturazione evidenti presso i gruppi Uluzziani
Il Riparo del Poggio a Marina di Camerota (Salerno): culture ed ambiente.
No full textPoggio Shelter is located on the Italian coast of the Tyrrhenian sea, some 80 km South-east of Naples. The Shelter was part of a complex underground karst
system, which was partially dismantled by sea erosion during the high-stand of MIS 7, originating a large niche with a
thick deposit at the foot of a falaise, and small cave. Archaeological excavations were carried out in the deposit and in the
cave during the 1970s, putting into light a 23 m-thick sequence, including 17 m of archaeological levels.
The sequence is mainly made up of cave breakdown deposits mixed with colluvium originated by the reworking of red
soils (Alfisols); soils or moderately reworked soils also occur, interfingered within the sequence. These sediments reflect
environmental processes related respectively to the damping of the glacial effects by the mediterranean environment, and
to warm interstadial phases.
The bottom of the sequence is covered by the present-day sea-level; the basal deposit can probably be attributed to MIS7 because of the characteristics of the lithics occurring in the overlying levels, which include a level dated to 111.8 ky BP.
The overlying sequence can be divided into three main parts, most of which contains archaeological records of culturally different human presences, starting from ancient Middle Palaeolithic cultures to Upper Palaeolithic.
- Levels 20-18, made up of breakdown deposits with evidence of colluvium and some aeolian processes. The faunal assemblage
can be divided into two stages, and includes mainly red deer, with roe deer, wild boar, ibex, chamois, bovines,
and with Elephas and Stephanorhinus occurring only in the lower part. Since layer 18 appears evidence of human presence.
Lower part of layer 18 contains an archaic and un-standardized lithic assemblage, characterised by denticulates and thick
tools. The upper part contains a more specialised industry, basically focused on production of Quina-type side-scrapers
with stepped retouch. This whole part of the sequence may correspond to the cold stage MIS 6, characterised by a patchy
forested environment of fresh climate.
- Levels 17-9, reddish soils and soil sediments, interfingered with tephra, and dated to 43800±3500 BP in level 9. Among the
faunas, which are statistically relevant only in levels 10-9, the fallow deer is the dominant ungulate, corresponding to an
interstadial with temperate and moderately wet mediterranean-like climate. From the bottom to the top, we highlighted
at least four main cultural phases. In layer 17 appears the first assemblage with Levallois technology, containing mainly
slightly-retouched flat tools. Layer 16 contains a typical Mousterian assemblage which shows further development of Levallois
technique. A scarce amount of findings comes from layers 15-13 (tephra), while the top of Middle Palaeolithic series
(layers 12-9) contains an abundant, technologically and typologically advanced mousterian industry.
- Levels 8-1, colluvium of Alfisols and breakdown deposits with evidence of strong soil erosion, including very few faunal
remains; these levels can be ascribed to a somewhat cold climate with continental traits of environmental instability. Following
the erosion, from layer 7 to the top, findings showed out the presence of Epigravettian culture.
For what concerns human behaviour, it is noteworthy that the most frequent ungulates (red and fallow deer) were killed
mostly when adult. The identified skeletal parts are represented mostly by isolated teeth and limb bones.
In levels 18a (bottom) and 10, most of the sediment skeleton is made up of strongly comminuted bone fragments, unsorted
and with grain-size down to some tens of micrometres.
Lithic raw materials procurement area (close-distance from site) appears more or less the same in all periods, however
we highlight a lack of selection strategies in MIS 6 assemblages, while more recent industries show evidence of growing
accuracy in selecting quality for tools production
Il Riparo del Poggio a Marina di Camerota (Salerno): culture e ambiente
No full textPoggio Shelter is located on the Italian coast of the Tyrrhenian sea, some 80 km South-east of Naples. The Shelter was part of a complex underground karst system, which was partially dismantled by sea erosion during the high-stand of MIS 7, originating a large niche with a thick deposit at the foot of a falaise, and small cave. Archaeological excavations were carried out in the deposit and in the cave during the 1970s, putting into light a 23 m-thick sequence, including 17 m of archaeological levels.
The sequence is mainly made up of cave breakdown deposits mixed with colluvium originated by the reworking of red soils (Alfisols); soils or moderately reworked soils also occur, interfingered within the sequence. These sediments reflect environmental processes related respectively to the damping of the glacial effects by the mediterranean environment, and to warm interstadial phases.
The bottom of the sequence is covered by the present-day sea-level; the basal deposit can probably be attributed to MIS 7 because of the characteristics of the lithics occurring in the overlying levels, which include a level dated to 111.8 ka BP. The overlying sequence can be divided into three main parts, most of which contains archaeological records of culturally different human presences, starting from ancient Middle Palaeolithic cultures to Upper Palaeolithic
- Levels 20-18, made up of breakdown deposits with evidence of colluvium and some aeolian processes. The faunal assemblage can be divided into two stages, and includes mainly red deer, with roe deer, wild boar, ibex, chamois, bovines, and with Elephas and Stephanorhinus occurring only in the lower part. Since layer 18 appears evidence of human presence. Lower part of layer 18 contains an archaic and un-standardized lithic assemblage, characterised by denticulates and thick tools. The upper part contains a more specialised industry, basically focused on production of Quina-type side-scrapers with stepped retouch. This whole part of the sequence may correspond to the cold stage MIS 6, characterised by a patchy forested environment of fresh climate.
- Levels 17-9, reddish soils and soil sediments, interfingered with tephra, and dated to 43800±3500 BP in level 9. Among the faunas, which are statistically relevant only in levels 10-9, the fallow deer is the dominant ungulate, corresponding to an interstadial with temperate and moderately wet mediterranean-like climate. From the bottom to the top, we highlighted at least four main cultural phases. In layer 17 appears the first assemblage with Levallois technology, containing mainly slightly-retouched flat tools. Layer 16 contains a typical Mousterian assemblage which shows further development of Levallois technique. A scarce amount of findings comes from layers 15-13 (tephra), while the top of Middle Palaeolithic series (layers 12-9) contains an abundant, technologically and typologically advanced mousterian industry.
- Levels 8-1, colluvium of Alfisols and breakdown deposits with evidence of strong soil erosion, including very few faunal remains; these levels can be ascribed to a somewhat cold climate with continental traits of environmental instability. Following the erosion, from layer 7 to he top, findings showed out the presence of Epigravettian culture.
For what concerns human behaviour, it is noteworthy that the most frequent ungulates (red and fallow deer) were killed mostly when adult. The identified skeletal parts are represented mostly by isolated teeth and limb bones.
In levels 18a (bottom) and 10, most of the sediment skeleton is made up of strongly comminuted bone fragments, unsorted and with grain-size down to some tens of micrometres.
Lithic raw materials procurement area (close-distance from site) appears more or less the same in all periods, however we highlight a lack of selection strategies in MIS 6 assemblages, while more recent industries shows evidence of growing accuracy in selecting quality for tools production
Management of Paleoenvironmental Resources and Raw materials Exploitation at the Middle Paleolithic Site of Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, Southern Italy): Units 1 and 4
No full textThe authors introduce some preliminary data regarding the lithic industries and the faunal remains discovered at the Middle Paleolithic site Oscurusciuto, situated in the ravine of Ginosa, with several layers of anthropogenic frequentation. From 1998 onwards approximately 60 m(2) with a depth of nearly 5 m, have been systematically excavated by the Department of Environmental Science G. Sarfatti, University of Siena. This study presents the results obtained from technological and typological analysis of the lithic material from US 1 and from a sample area of US 4. Ungulate remains, characterized by the prevalence of Dos primigenius, show a selection of skeletal parts related to the exploitation of long bones for the extraction of marrow and the probable use of epiphysis and articular bones as fuel. For the lithic industry is, beside retouched elements, the entire range of the flaking products present, showing that the entire reduction sequence was carried out on site, exploiting jasper pebbles from a nearby stream.
The study of the technological categories indicates a substantial similarity between the two units considered. The amount of cores has allowed the identification of the operational chains. In both units the adoption of unipolar modality of Levallois technique is prevalent. The discoid technique is present in Unit 4, but completely absent in Unit I. Through the technological study it has been possible to find the relationship between the knapping sequences and the morphology of pebbles used. The results pointed out by the typological approach confirm the (14)C date obtained for US 1 (38,500 +/- 900 BP) and the cultural attribution of the lithic industry to a final phase of the Middle Paleolithic as a typical Mousterian rich in scrapers
Activité de subsistance et exploitation des ressources de l’environnement à S. Croce (Bisceglie – Bari – Italie du Sud): les unités stratigraphiques US 546 et 535 du Paléolithique moyen
No full textLa grotte de Santa Croce de Bisceglie s’ouvre à la base d’une brève paroi rocheuse, à 7 kilométres environ de la côte, sur le versant droit d’une petite vallée peu profonde. L’environnement est un vaste territoire karstique plat, qui descend en pente douce vers la mer (Fig. 1). La cavité, qui actuellement est d’une profondeur de plus que 100 m, est obstruée par des blocs calcaires plongés en argiles, limons et sables rouges : il s’agit d’un dépôt dépourvu de matériel archéologique, sédimenté en grotte à travers des goulots, dont l’âge remonte probablement au Pléistocène moyen par rapport aux anciennes lignes côtières des Murge. À l’extérieur de la cavité actuelle, un talus s’étend sur une longueur de 40 m et rejoint, 12 m plus en contrebas, le lit d’une petite rivière qui localement est appelée « lama di Santa Croce » et qui a donné son nom à la Grotte.
Des sondages avaient été conduits entre 1939 et 1958, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de la grotte, par Luigi Cardini de l’Institut Italien de Paléontologie Humaine de Rome et par Francesco Saverio Majellaro, qui avait signalé ce site : on avait reconnu plusieurs niveaux avec des restes lithiques et fauniques d’âge holocène (Néolithique et Bronze), du Paléolithique moyen et, seulement à l’extérieur, du Paléolithique supérieur (Epigravettien) (Laplace 1966 ; Segre et Cassoli 1987). Après une période d’abandon assez longue, les fouilles ont été reprises en 1997 par l’Université de Sienne en collaboration avec la Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici des Pouilles (Francesca Radina). Chaque fois les recherches ont été couronnées par des découvertes très importantes, toujours à l’intérieur de la cavité mais remontant à des phases chronologique- culturelles bien différentes : en 1955 un fémur d’Homo neanderthalensis, probable proie de carnivores (Cardini 1955 ; Mallegni et al. 1987) ; en 1997 une natte en fibres végétales du Néolithique ancien (Boscato et al. 2002, 2003). Malheureusement dans cette dernière phase de fouille il a été constaté que, durant l’interruption des recherches, les niveaux du Paléolithique moyen au dessous avaient été abîmés par des terriers de blaireau. C’est pour cela que, dès 1998, les fouilles se sont concentrées sur le talus externe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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