1,721,121 research outputs found
Prescrizione o raccomandazione?
No full textLa prescrizione dell'esercizio è paragonabile alla prescrizione di un farmaco: nel caso del soggetto affetto da obesità aiuta anche a migliorare la prospettiva di salute
Development of high-tech training machines to satisfy Fitness Centers and Olympic Training Centers
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Training threshold determination based on heart rate variability on cardiovascular equipement
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Monitoring intensity during head-out water based activities (water fitness): a comparison among different measurement techniques
No full textThe aim of this study was to compare different measurement techniques (indirect calorimetry, IC; heart rate monitoring, HR; Actiheart, AH, an activity monitoring system; rates of perceived exertion, RPE) to estimate physical activity intensity (PAI) during water based exercises (WE).
Twelve young active women performed five different WE at three different movement frequencies (15 trials) in an indoor swimming pool (Raffaelli et al., 2010). During the trials the subjects were monitored with: a portable metabolic system (K4b2, Cosmed, I), a heart rate monitor (T31, Polar, Fi), the Actiheart (Cambridge Neurotechnology, UK) and the Borg Scale. Each trial lasted 10 min, with a 5 min rest in between; the data recorded at steady state (5 - 9th min) were averaged to obtain mean VO2, HR and AH values. Finally, VO2 was also estimated from HR data using three different HR/VO2 regression equation models (ACSM, 1998; Brown al., 1998; Raffaelli et al., 2010).
The values obtained by means of AH, HR and RPE were all significantly related with data of IC (p0.8 in all cases). The ANOVA test showed a non significant difference between all predicted and measured VO2 values. When the Bland&Altman analysis was considered, the Actiheart values showed the larger explained variances (95% CI) and the larger standard errors.
In conclusion, even if all the analyzed methods are able to detect changes of intensity during WE and are significantly correlated with IC data, the more accurate way to estimate PAI during WE is still based on HR measurements.
REFERENCES
ACSM (1998) Med Sci Sports Exerc 30: 975-991
Brown al. (1998) Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 6: 248-255
Raffaelli et al. (2010) Eur J Appl Physiol DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010 1419-
Importance of the Actiheart individual calibration to estimate energy expenditure during field activities
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Effects of non-specific vs individualized exercise training protocols on aerobic, anaerobic and strength performance in severely obese subjects during a short-term body mass reduction program
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to compare aerobic, anaerobic and strength
performance changes induced by two short-term (3-week) body mass reduction programs based on the same low-calory diet (1200-1500 kcal/day), nutritional education and psychological counseling, but entailing different exercise training protocols. An individualized, low-volume and moderate-intensity exercise training (IET) was contrasted with a non-specific, high-volume,
low-intensity exercise training (NET). Thirty obese in-patients (12 males, 18 females; mean age±SD: 33.9±9.4 yr, range: 19-51yr; mean BMI: 40.5±3.8 kg/m2, range: 35.3-51.4 kg/m2) were randomly divided in two gender-matched groups of 15 subjects each undergoing a different exercise training protocol. Maximum oxygen uptake (V ̇O2max) determined with a submaximal indirect test on a bicycle ergometer, lower limb
maximum power output (W ̇ max) determined
with the jumping method, global motor capabilities determined by analysis of locomotor pattern during a short (8 m) running, maximum strength (1-RM) of upper and lower limb muscle groups determined with isotonic machines were
tested before and after the program. Adherence to an individual exercise activity and maintenance of body weight (bw) loss were evaluated with a telephonic interview 6 months after the completion of the program. In both groups a significant (p<0.001) and comparable weight loss was observed (IET: –4.27%; NET: –4.17%). In both groups V ̇O2max and W ̇ max increased significantly (p<0.05-0.001) when expressed relatively to body mass, while in absolute terms they were significantly (p<0.001) improved only in IET group. 1-RM in all tested muscle groups was significantly increased in both IET and NET subjects (p<0.001-0.01), but improvements were significantly greater in IET as compared with NET (p<0.05-0.001). The analysis of locomotor pattern during the short running indicated that IET subjects significantly improved their global motor capabilities (p<0.05-0.001), while no change was
observed in NET group. After 6 months, IET subjects reported a level of spontaneously chosen physical activity significantly higher (p<0.05) than
NET subjects, displaying a trend of further decrease in bw. It was concluded that, although no difference in bw loss was appreciated between
the two studied groups and significant improvements were found also in subjects performing NET protocol, the IET protocol offers better overall results in terms of muscle performance
and physical fitness, with a possibly stronger motivation to subsequent exercise activity
The energy expenditure of long distance double-handed offshore sailing
No full textThe studies describing the energy expenditure during offshore sailing regattas are very rare. This is rather disappointing, if we consider that in offshore sailing several environmental and tactical factors may place a considerable physical load and mental stress on our body.
PURPOSE: The aim of the study consists in assessing the energy expenditure during long distance offshore sailing and in describing the physical activity intensity involved in this type of
competition. METHODS. Six subjects (age: 46.3 ± 3.4 yy; BMI: 26.7 ± 1.7 kg/m2, V’O2max: 2.97 ± 0.56 l/min) participated in the study. During the regatta (double handed, 500 miles in the
North Adriatic, lasting 3- 5 days) the subjects wore an activity monitor (Actiheart, CamNtech, E) that allows estimate energy expenditure, physical activity level (PAL) and minutes spent at each level of intensity (sedentary, S, 6.0). The time spent at each level of intensity was evaluated using oneway
ANOVA; pairwise comparisons were performed using Student-Newman-Keuls test.
RESULTS. Daily energy expenditure (TEE) amounted, on the average to 3408 ± 453 kcal per day; daily activity energy expenditure (AEE) amounted to 1208 ± 339 kcal per day. PAL, calculated as TEE divided by resting energy expenditure (RMR, estimated with Schofield formula), was 1.8 ± 0.2. Subjects spent a significant (p < 0.001) longer period of time in S (643 ± 193 min per day) and L (516 ± 177 min per day) than in M (95 ± 34 min per day) and V (6 ± 4 min per day) activity. On the average, the subjects slept 5 times per day (± 1.4) for about 36 minutes (± 9) in each sleeping period.
CONCLUSION. TEE per day and PAL during double-handed offshore sailing race turned out to be similar to that measured using double-labeled water technique in single-handed offshore
sailing (3451 kcal/day and 2.1, respectively). Moreover, this study reports for the first time, not only TEE, but also AEE and the time spent sleeping and that performing activities of different intensity. The high TEE seems to be likely the consequence of the short and rare periods of sleep spent during the competition than of the bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity
Effects of different training protocols on exercise performance during a short-term body weight reduction programme in severely obese patients
No full textThe effects on aerobic, anaerobic and strength performance of aerobic (A) or A
and strength (AS) training, integrated with a 3-week body weight reduction programme involving an energy-restricted diet, nutritional education and psychological counselling, were evaluated in 52 grade II or III obese individuals (A: n=26; AS: n=26). After 3 weeks, both training programmes led to a similar and significant reduction (p<0.001) in body mass (A:4.8%; AS: 4.4%) and an increase (p<0.05 - p<0.01) in maximal oxygen consumption (A:16.8%; AS: 10.9%). A significant (p<0.05 - p<0.001) increase was found in absolute lower limb anaerobic power output evaluated by means of a jumping test (A: 13.7%; AS: 18.1%) and stair climbing test (A: 9.7%; AS: 4.3%), without any significant difference between A and AS. A comparable and significant (p<0.01) increase was also found in average horizontal velocity during a short sprint running test (A: 8.1%; AS: 7.1%), with a shorter time of footground contact (A: 4.9%; AS: 6.6.%) and a higher step frequency (A: 4.0%; AS: 10.4%). The maximum strength increase after the body weight reduction programme determined by one
maximal repetition test of lower and upper limb muscle groups was significantly greater (p<0.05 - p<0.001) in the AS group, ranging from 11.4% to 25.4% (A) and from 26.7% to
41.8% (AS). These results indicate that integrating a body weight reduction programme involving diet, nutritional education and psychological counselling with A or AS exercise has similar positive effects in lowering body mass and improving A and anaerobic performance. However, the addition of strength training to A conditioning increases maximum strength
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