1,721,136 research outputs found
Why is Social Capital a “Capital”? Public goods, Co-operative Efforts and the Accumulation of Intangible Assets
No full textGiven the idea of this PRISM research team of the University of Ferrara that social capital is a key intangible asset that should be more explicitly considered for policy to become more effective, this chapter aims at providing more insights precisely on this intangible asset. We argue that social capital (SC) is a productive asset just as is physical capital, an approach which underscores that an increase in trust-based relations on average reduces transaction costs, just as an increase in physical capital ought to reduce average production costs. In turn this means that several characteristics normally associated with physical capital are also shared by SC. In both cases, a productive asset is created by foregoing a current benefit in return for a probable future benefit. We can therefore analyse SC with the same approach we normally use for physical assets. SC is however essentially a public good, in that it resides in the willingness of individual decision makers to engage co-operatively with each other. This is the aspect of SC that establishes it firmly as a form of collective intangible, and in this context we adopt a mixed-public good framework, since income streams deriving from SC are not totally appropriable for private use, and we likewise suggest that SC be considered the public component of mixed-public capital. As an example, consider a network of firms investing in R&D and creating voluntary agreements aimed at achieving environmental targets for reduced pollution, increased recycling, etc. In this case voluntary agreements are the public component of the mixed-public R&D.
This chapter aims to identify and analyse the conditions under which incentives exist for a dynamic increase of SC, taking into account that the public component of a mixed-public good creates certain distortions in private decisions leading to SC accumulation. These decisions, and their distortions, arise from the nature of benefits yielded to firms, the structure of internal and external costs and the individual firms’ expectations
Le politiche pubbliche per le PMI in Italia: rassegna degli interventi per livelli di governo e tentativo di verifica dei loro effetti in uno specifico contesto territoriale
No full textLavoro sostanzialmente articolato in due parti: nella prima parte si effettua una puntuale ricostruzione ed illustrazione dei principali provvedimenti assunti a livello nazionale e regionale a favore delle PMI durante il decennio in corso, con particolare riferimento a quelli tendenti a fronteggiare la globalizzazione; mentre nella seconda parte - sulla base di un'apposita indagine empirica - si provvede ad una prima valutazione degli effetti ottenuti in un determinato contesto territoriale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Contribution of Poliomyelitis to President Roosevelt’s Heart Failure. A Lesson on the Importance of Vaccinations for Cardiovascular Prevention
No full textFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945, Fig. 1), 32nd President
of the United States of America, is remembered as one
of the key leaders of the Allies in their struggle against the
Axis Powers in WW2. A brilliant politician, he managed to
restore America’s economic power and prosperity following
the Great Depression through his New Deal (1933–1937).
Despite his political and military success, his life had been
crippled by physical disability since the summer of 1921
when, aged 39, he was diagnosed with a paralytic illness
gripping his lower limbs up to the thigh, forcing him onto
a wheelchair
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
