1,720,962 research outputs found
Editorial: Endocrine disruptors: mechanism of action and implications for human health
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Betaine Treatment Prevents TNF-α-Mediated Muscle Atrophy by Restoring Total Protein Synthesis Rate and Morphology in Cultured Myotubes
No full textSkeletal muscle atrophy is represented by a dramatic decrease in muscle mass, and it is related to a lower life expectancy. Among the different causes, chronic inflammation and cancer promote protein loss through the effect of inflammatory cytokines, leading to muscle shrinkage. Thus, the availability of safe methods to counteract inflammation-derived atrophy is of high interest. Betaine is a methyl derivate of glycine and it is an important methyl group donor in transmethylation. Recently, some studies found that betaine could promote muscle growth, and it is also involved in anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Our hypothesis was that betaine would be able to prevent tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated muscle atrophy in vitro. We treated differentiated C2C12 myotubes for 72 hr with either TNF-alpha, betaine, or a combination of them. After the treatment, we analyzed total protein synthesis, gene expression, and myotube morphology. Betaine treatment blunted the decrease in muscle protein synthesis rate exerted by TNF-alpha, and upregulated Mhy1 gene expression in both control and myotube treated with TNF-alpha. In addition, morphological analysis revealed that myotubes treated with both betaine and TNF-alpha did not show morphological features of TNF-alpha-mediated atrophy. We demonstrated that in vitro betaine supplementation counteracts the muscle atrophy led by inflammatory cytokines
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The October 31 (Ml 5.4) and November 1 (Ml 5.0) Molise earthquake (southern Italy): first results from geochemistry.
No full textTwo geochemical surveys have been performed in November and December 2002 in the Molise region (southern Italy) and surrounding areas struck by two moderate size earthquakes on October 31 (M_l 5.4) and on November 1 (M_l 5.3). The main goals of this study were: i) to highlight eventual variations either in the physico-chemical features or in the chemistry of thermo-mineral and cold springs (already sampled in 1997) discharging in an area located 50 km far from the epicentral one (Sannio-Matese, Campania region),; ii) to determine the chemical features of the groundwater discharging in the epicentral area, identifying the location and the extension of the various existing aquifers; iii) to collect information about eventual changes occurred in springs and wells (variations in flows, groundwater level in wells, etc.). Moreover, twice a week samplings have been carried out for two months at two important sulphurous springs (Larino spring, in the epicentral area and Telese thermo-mineral spring, in the Sannio area) in order to gather temporal chemical trend during the ongoing seismicity. We sampled a total of 35 sites (8 springs and wells in the Sannio-Matese area and 27 in the epicentral one) measuring in the field: temperature, pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, as well as radon, bicarbonate and H_2S contents. In laboratory, analyses of major, minor and trace elements have been performed, together with dissolved gas compositions. On 10 selected samples δ13C and 87/86Sr analyses are in progress. Data collected in the second survey show, for springs and wells located in the epicentral area, an evident pH and Eh increase (probably they returned to normal pre-earthquake values) together with some chemical variations; on the contrary, springs located in the Sannio-Matese area showed no variations. Local people observed sin-earthquake flow increases and variations in turbidity in two springs discharging in the epicentral area. All detected groundwater changes are discussed either with the seismological features of the two main shocks (depth, style of faulting) or with the geological setting of the hit area
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