482 research outputs found
Socioeconomic Position Across the Lifecourse and Cognitive Function in Late Middle Age
No full texthttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51493/1/Turrell G, Socioeconomic Position Across the Lifecourse, 2002.pd
Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and across the life course and all-cause mortality and physical function in adulthood: evidence from the Alameda County Study
No full texthttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55411/1/Turrell G, Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood, 2007.pd
Affluent neighborhoods reduce excess risk of tooth loss among the poor
No full textThe effect of neighborhood on health may vary according to the characteristics of the residents. We tested the hypothesis that, in affluent neighborhoods, low-income adults retain more teeth than their income-equivalent peers in poor neighborhoods. In 2003, the Adelaide Small Area Dental Study collected sociodemographic and tooth retention information from 2860 adults in 60 neighborhoods. Neighborhood socio-economic position was a census-based composite measure. Using multilevel modelling, we fitted a series of two-level random intercept variance component models. Findings revealed significant main effects for individual and neighborhood predictors and a significant interaction between neighborhood disadvantage and low income. In affluent areas, disparities in tooth retention were negligible, but in poor neighborhoods, substantial variation in tooth retention between individuals was found based on their level of income. Low-income adults appeared to benefit from living in affluent areas, while wealthier adults living in poor neighborhoods did not lose their oral health advantage.A.E. Sanders, G. Turrell and G.D. Slad
South Space, East Space, West Portal, North Moon Space, Amphitheatre, Saddle Space
No full textTerra e Luce. Dalla Gurfa al Roden Crater evoca i profondi e affascinanti misteri della natura dell'epoca preistorica e ci accoglie all'interno di un luogo in cui architettura, fisica, geologia e archeologia si fondono in un unico ambiente: luce, spazio e tempo, un solo luogo per conservare e sprigionare energie arcaiche e rare suggestioni. Il progetto dell'artista californiano, James Turrell nella cavità del Roden Crater, in Arizona, in continua trasformazione e le fotografie di Alessandro Belgiojoso della Gurfa, una delle più misteriose e caratteristiche testimonianze dell'architettura rupestre siciliana, raccontano di luoghi sconosciuti e tra di loro lontani, ma solo geograficamente. Le esperienze dei due artisti volte a stimolare i sensi, stupire ma anche indurre a sperimentare viaggi visionari e quasi impossibili non solo aprono un confronto tra le ricerche volte alla creazione di suggestioni ed effetti di luce, ma stabiliscono anche un legame tra le testimonianze dell'era preistorica in Sicilia e la ricerca artistica contemporanea di Turrell
Does psychological stress mediate social deprivation in tooth loss?
No full textCopyright © 2007 International and American Associations for Dental ResearchIt is unclear which theoretical dimension of psychological stress affects health status. We hypothesized that both distress and coping mediate the relationship between socio-economic position and tooth loss. Cross-sectional data from 2915 middle-aged adults evaluated retention of < 20 teeth, behaviors, psychological stress, and sociodemographic characteristics. Principal components analysis of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) extracted ’distress’ (a = 0.85) and ’coping’ (a =0.83) factors, consistent with theory. Hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] for retention of < 20 teeth. Analysis of the separate contributions of distress and coping revealed a significant main effect of coping (OR = 0.7 [95% CI = 0.7–0.8]), but no effect for distress (OR = 1.0 [95% CI = 0.9–1.1]) or for the interaction of coping and distress. Behavior and psychological stress only modestly attenuated socio-economic inequality in retention of < 20 teeth, providing evidence to support a mediating role of coping.A.E. Sanders, G.D. Slade, G. Turrell, A.J. Spencer, and W. Marcene
The influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on smoking cessation and its contribution to inequalities in smoking status
No full textIntroduction and Aims. Individual smokers from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to quit, which contributes to widening inequalities in smoking. Residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods are more likely to smoke, and neighbourhood inequalities in smoking may also be widening because of neighbourhood differences in rates of cessation. This study examined the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and smoking cessation and its relationship with neighbourhood inequalities in smoking. Design and Methods. A multilevel longitudinal study of mid-aged (40-67years) residents (n=6915) of Brisbane, Australia, who lived in the same neighbourhoods (n=200) in 2007 and 2009. Neighbourhood inequalities in cessation and smoking were analysed using multilevel logistic regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Results. After adjustment for individual-level socioeconomic factors, the probability of quitting smoking between 2007 and 2009 was lower for residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods (9.0-12.8%) than their counterparts in more advantaged neighbourhoods (20.7-22.5%). These inequalities in cessation manifested in widening inequalities in smoking: in 2007 the between-neighbourhood variance in rates of smoking was 0.242 (P≤0.001) and in 2009 it was 0.260 (P≤0.001). In 2007, residents of the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods were 88% (OR 1.88, 95% credible intervals (CrI) 1.41-2.49) more likely to smoke than residents in the least disadvantaged neighbourhoods: the corresponding difference in 2009 was 98% (OR 1.98, 95% CrI 1.48-2.66). Conclusion. Fundamentally, social and economic inequalities at the neighbourhood and individual levels cause smoking and cessation inequalities. Reducing these inequalities will require comprehensive, well-funded and targeted tobacco control efforts and equity-based policies that address the social and economic determinants of smoking. [Turrell G, Hewitt BA, Miller SA. The influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on smoking cessation and its contribution to inequalities in smoking status. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:645-652
Socioeconomic inequalities in diet and bodyweight: Evidence, causes, and intervention options
No full textDiets low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar are the major contributors to the burden of chronic diseases globally. Previous research, and studies in this issue of Public Health Nutrition (PHN), show that unhealthy diets are more commonly observed among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, and are key contributors to their higher rates of chronic disease. Most research examining socioeconomic inequalities in diet and bodyweight has been descriptive, and has focused on identifying the nature, extent, and direction of the inequalities. These types of studies are clearly necessary and important. We need however to move beyond description of the problem and focus much more on the question of why inequalities in diet and bodyweight exist. Furthering our understanding of this question will provide the necessary evidence-base to develop effective interventions to reduce the inequalities. The challenge of tackling dietary inequalities however doesn’t finish here: a maximally effective approach will also require equity-based policies that address the unequal population-distribution of social and economic resources, which is the fundamental root-cause of dietary and bodyweight inequalities
Chiroptical, IR and fluorescence spectra of short linear peptides in methanol and water-methanol mixtures
No full textThe independent contribution of neighborhood disadvantage and individual-level socioeconomic position to self-reported oral health: a multilevel analysis
No full text© Blackwell Munksgaard 2007ObjectivesTo examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and self-reported oral health.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2003 among males and females aged 43-57 years. The sample comprised 2915 individuals and 60 neighborhoods and was selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design. Data were collected using a mail survey (69.4% response rate). Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a census-based composite index, and individual-level SEP was measured using education and household income. Oral health was indicated by self-reports of the impact of oral conditions on quality of life (0 = none or minor, 1 = severe), self-rated oral health (0 = excellent-good, 1 = fair/poor) and missing teeth (measured as a quantitative outcome). Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, education, and household income, residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were significantly more likely than those in more advantaged neighborhoods to indicate negative impacts of oral conditions on quality of life, to assess their oral health as fair or poor, and to report greater tooth loss. In addition, respondents with low levels of education and those from a low income household reported poorer oral health for each outcome independent of neighborhood disadvantage.ConclusionsThe socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods are important for oral health over and above the socioeconomic characteristics of the people living in those neighborhoods. Policies and interventions to improve population oral health should be directed at the social, physical and infrastructural characteristics of places as well as individuals (i.e. the traditional target of intervention efforts).Gavin Turrell, Anne E. Sanders, Gary D. Slade, A. John Spencer, Wagner Marcene
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