127 research outputs found
Advance in histochemistry, ultrastructure and secretion of glandular trichomes in Salvia dolomitica Codd.
No full textIn order to have better knowledge of African sages, we begun the study of some Salvia species (Serrato Valenti, 1997; Bisio et al., 1998; Bisio et al., 2001) belonging to the G species-group according to Hedge classification (1974). In the present work we examined the ultrastructure and the histochemistry of the glandular trichomes, and the essential oil and the exudate products of Salvia dolomitica Codd., a shrub, native of Transvaal, South Africa.
The leaves of S. dolomitica appeared covered by uniseriate non-glandular trichomes and glandular trichomes. The latter occurred as peltate and capitate (Bisio et al., 2001).
The histochemistry of peltate hairs evidenced a secretion with abundant hydrophobic substances, but also small quantities of hydrophilic substances (polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenols, essential oil, triterpenoids). The ultrastructural observations are consistent with the histochemical ones; indeed, the former showed abundant plastids and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), typical organelles of lipophilic secreting cells, as observed in many other trichomes secreting lipophilic substances. SER can also be responsible for flavonoid secretion, as indicated also by Schopker et al. (1995).
Two types of capitate hairs, depending on the number of the secreting and stalk cells, were observed. The cytoplasm of type I presented numerous Golgi stacks, plastids and dilated ER, that are organelles respectively responsible for secretion of polysaccharides, terpenes and also flavonoids. Indeed, histochemical observations indicated a complex secretion, in which phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and terpenes were present. Also in type II trichomes the histochemical and ultrastructural observations indicated a complex secretion with phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and terpenes, but probably the release of secretion occurs in a different way and at a different time.
In S. dolomitica the essential oil was mainly constituted by monoterpene hydrocarbons, followed by oxigenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The main components of the oil were represented by substances that are often described for other Salvia species, 1,8-cyneol, limonene, -3-carene, -pinene and -caryophyllene.
The analysis of leaf surface extract identified abietane diterpenoids: carnosol and 7-methoxirosmanol suggesting that these products could be good taxonomic markers.
BISIO A, FONTANA N, ROMUSSI G, DE TOMMASI N. 1998. Pharmazie 53: 210-211.
BISIO A, ROMUSSI G, MALECI L, CORALLO A, ZAPPA E, PROFUMO P. 2001. 96°Congresso della Società Botanica Italiana – Varese 26-28 settembre 2001. 145.
HEDGE IC. 1974. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 33: 1-118.
SCHÖPKER H, KNEISEL M, BEERHUES L, ROBENEK H, WIERMANN R. 1995. Planta 196: 712-719.
SERRATO-VALENTI G, BISIO A, CORNARA L, CIARALLO G. 1997. Annals of Botany 79: 329-336
An oesophageal benign stricture: Endoscopy treatment limitation and surgical management in a heifer
No full textA 4-month-old female red Holstein Friesian heifer was referred with intermittent meteorism and regur-gitation associated with poor weight gain. The subject showed a fair physical condition with an increased res-piratory rate, normal food prehension, mastication, and swallowing activity. The blood gas analysis showed mild respiratory acidosis. An oral gastric tube introduction followed by an endoscopy confirmed the provisional diagnosis of benign oesophageal stenosis. An endoscopic balloon and bouginage did not result in any stricture release, probably due to the degree of fibrosis of the stenotic ring. A surgical approach with a mucosectomy was performed, which restored the normal oesophageal function. Based on the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of a bovine oesophageal mucosectomy as a definitive surgical treatment for a stricture after the failure of both balloon dilation and a bougienage techniqu
Triterpenoid Saponins and Flavonoids from Quercus-Imbricaria Michx .20. Components of Fagaceae (Cupuliferae)
No full textA new prostaglandine-like compound from Salvia adenophora Fernald.
No full textSalvia adenophora Fernald [1] is a Mexican species whose aerial part exudate showed herbicide activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L. in a preliminary test [2]. The surface exudate, obtained by rinsing the plant material with CH2Cl2, was subjected to repeated column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel and to HPLC-MS and MS2 experiments followed by semi-preparative RP-HPLC, yielding a new prostaglandin-like (1). The new compound was identified by IR and NMR analysis, including TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC experiments, and ESI-TRAP-MS and HR-MS analysis.Bibliografia
1 Epling, C. A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Fedde F., University of California Press: Berkley, California, 1940, Vol.110.
2 Bisio, A., Fraternale, D., Giacomini, M., Giacomelli, E., Pivetti, S., Russo, E., Caviglioli, G., Romussi, G., Ricci, D., De Tommasi, N. Crop Protection, 2010, 29, 1434-144
Nuovi diterpenoidi clerodanici dall’essudato delle parti aeree di Salvia miniata Fernald.
No full textIl prodotto di secrezione delle strutture epidermiche vegetali è coinvolto nelle interazioni pianta-pianta e pianta-ambiente [1-2], ed i suoi componenti vengono rilasciati nell’ambiente tramite dilavamento fogliare, volatilizzazione o decomposizione residuale [3]. Poiché l’essudato delle parti aeree di Salvia miniata Fernald [4] aveva mostrato in precedenza attività erbicida contro Papaver rhoeas L. ed Avena sativa L. in un test preliminare (totale inibizione della germinazione a 5 mg/L sia su Papaver sia su Avena; LC50 1.05±0.4 mg/L su Papaver e 0.75±0.4 mg/L su Avena) si è proceduto all’isolamento dei componenti di superficie delle parti aeree fresche (1.2 kg) mediante immersione in CH2Cl2 per 20 s. L’essudato (5 g, 0.42% w/w di pianta fresca) è stato estratto con n-esano, fornendo una frazione solubile in esano (0.2 g) ed una insolubile in esano (2.85 g). Ripetute purificazioni cromatografiche del residuo insolubile in esano su Sephadex LH-20 (porzioni da 0.8 g, 53x2.5 cm, miscela eluente CHCl3/ CH3OH 70:30), e su Kieselgel 60 (porzioni da 1 g, 60x2.6 cm, eluite con miscele di n-esano-CHCl3 a polarità crescente) hanno fornito vari gruppi di frazioni, da cui in precedenza erano stati ottenuti diversi nuovi composti [5-7]. Inoltre, sono stati isolati due nuovi diterpeni clerodanici, tramite HPLC-MS e MS2 seguiti da RP-HPLC preparativo (eluenti: A: CH3OH con 0.005% HCOOH, B: H2O con 0.1% HCOOH, gradiente lineare da 30% a 90% di B in 40 min). 1 (22.1 mg) è stato ottenuto al 49% di B (Rt = 19 min). 2 (10.6 mg) è stato ottenuto all’88% di B (Rt = 38 min). Entrambi i composti sono stati identificati tramite spettroscopia UV, IR ed NMR, includendo esperimenti TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ed analisi ESI-TRAP-MS e HR-MS. Riferimenti [1] R.G. Kelsey, G.W. Reynolds, E. Rodriguez In: Rodriguez E, Healey PL, Metha J, eds. Biology and chemistry of plant trichomes. New York: Plenum Press, 1984, 187-241; [2] E. Werker In: Advances in Botanical Research. Vol. 31. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000, 77-111; [3] C.H. Chou In: Allelopathy – A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, MJ Reigosa, et al. Eds., Springer: Dordrecht, The Nederlands, 2006, 1-10; [4] C. Epling A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F., University of California Press: Berkley, California, 1940, 292-293; [5] A. Bisio, G. Romussi, E. Russo, S. Cafaggi, D. Fraternale, N. De Tommasi Planta Medica- 7th Joint Meeting of AFERP, ASP, GA, PSE & SIF, 2008, 1041; [6] A. Bisio, G. Romussi, E. Russo, S. Cafaggi, D. Fraternale, D. Ricci, N. De Tommasi XVII Congresso Italo-Latino Americano di Etnomedicina, 2008, 106; [7] Bisio A, Fraternale D, Russo E, Romussi G, Cafaggi S, Caviglioli G, De Tommasi N. 2009. Planta Medica, 57th International Congress of the GA, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009, 75, 105
Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae): characterization of a new clerodane diterpenoid and phytotoxic activity of previously isolated diterpenes
No full textPlanta Med 2009; 75
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1234884
Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae): characterization of a new clerodane diterpenoid and phytotoxic activity of previously isolated diterpenes
A Bisio 1, D Fraternale 2, E Russo 1, G Romussi 1, S Cafaggi 1, G Caviglioli 1, N De Tommasi 3
1 Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche e Alimentari, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno, 16147 Genova, Italia
2 Istituto di Botanica, Università di Urbino, Via Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino, Italia
3 Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Salerno, Italia
In a preliminary test, the aerial part exudate of Salvia miniata Fernald [1] showed anti-germinative activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L. In this work, the antigerminative activity of previously isolated diterpenes [2] has been evaluated and the phytotoxicity (total germination inhibition at 60mg/L against Papaver and at 80mg/L against Avena) of one of these is described. Moreover, we report a new compound obtained from the chromatographic separation of a not previously considered exudate fraction. The surface exudate, obtained by rinsing the plant material with CH2Cl2, and subjected to repeated column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel and to semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC, yielded a new clerodane diterpenoid (1), identified by IR and NMR analysis, including TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY experiments.
References: [1] Epling, C. (1940) A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F. Berkley, California: University of California Press.
[2] Bisio, A. et al. (2008) Planta Med. 74:1041-104
Phytotoxic Activity of Salvia x jamensis J. Compton.
No full textIn a previous paper we described the platelet antiaggregating activity of the surface exudate of
Salvia x jamensis J. Compton [1]. This exudate also showed a good antigerminative activity
against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L. [2]. Bioguided fractionation of the exudate with
column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel yielded eight active components.
These were identified as the known compounds 15, 16-epoxy-cleroda-3-en-7α, 10β-dihydroxy-
12,17; 19,18-diolide (1), isopimaric acid (2), 14-α-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (3), 3-β-hydroxyisopimaric
acid (4), 7,8-β-dihydrosalviacoccin (5), hautriwaic acid (6), betulinic acid (7), cirsiliol
(8). Various concentrations of these substances were used for dose-response studies. Seed
germinability was assessed by determining the final cumulative percentage of germination at the
end of tests; germination progress was followed by the calculation of other indices, i.e. the speed
of germination, the speed of accumulated germination and the coefficient of the rate of
germination [3]. The lethal concentrations needed to reduce germinability by 50% (LC
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche,
Universidad de Salerno, Salerno, Italia.
50) and by
90% (LC90
[1] Bisio A, Romussi G, Russo E, De Tommasi N, Mascolo N, Alfieri A, Bonito MC, Cicala C. (2008) Platelet Antiaggregating Activity
and Chemical Constituents of Salvia x jamensis J. Compton. Natural Products Communications 3, 881-884.
) were predicted by linear interpolation between the two adjacent values
corresponding respectively to 50% and 90% response of the total germination of the seeds for
each tested substance [4]. The compounds most active in inhibiting the germination of both the
tested species were 4, 5, 6, and 7. They were not significantly different from each other, but
significantly different from the other compounds and from control.
[2] Bisio A, Russo E, Romussi G, Fraternale D, Ricci D, Giampieri L, Bucchini A., De Tommasi N, Cafaggi S.(2008) Preliminary
results of herbicidal activity of Salvia spp. against common weeds. FITOMED 2008, III Congresso Intersocietà sulle Piante
Medicinali, Salerno, 25-27 giugno 2008.
[3] Chiapusio G,Sanchez A M, Reigosa M J, Gonzalez L, Pellissier F. 1997. Do germination indices adequately reflect allelochemical
effects on the germination process?. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23, 2445-2453
[4] Dayan FE, Romagni JG, Duke SO. 2000. Investigating the mode of action of natural phytotoxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 9,
2079-2094
Constituents of Cupuliferae. XIII. New and revised structures of acylated flavonoids from Quercus suber L
No full textFrom leaves of Quercus suber L. in addition to ten known glycosides, two new acylated flavonoids have been isolated and identified as 3-O-kaempferol 2-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3-O-kaempferol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). The structures of the previously described 3-O-kaempferol 2,4-di-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside2) and 3-O-kaempferol 3,6-di-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside3) were revised to 3-O-kaempferol 2,6-di-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) and 3-O-kaempferol 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-di-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5)
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