1,721,238 research outputs found
On-Line Learning of Language Models with Word Error Probability Distribution
No full textWe are interested in the problem of learning stochastic language models on-line (without speech transcriptions) for adaptive speech recognition and understanding. In this paper we propose an algorithm to adapt to variations in the language model distributions based on the speech input only and without its true transcription. The on-line probability estimate is defined as a function of the prior and word error distributions. We show the effectiveness of word-lattice based error probability distributions in terms of Receiver operating Characteristics (ROC) curves and word accuracy. We apply the new estimates Padapt (w) to the task of adapting on-line and initial large vocabulary trigram language model and show improvement in word accuracy with respect to the baseline speech recognize
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Acoustic and Word Lattice Based Algorithms for Confidence Scores
No full textWord confidence scores are crucial for unsupervised learning in automatic speech recognition. In the last decade there has been a flourish of work on two fundamentally different approaches to compute confidence scores. The first paradigm is acoustic and the second is based on word lattices. The first approach is data-intensive and it requires to explicitly model the acoustic channel. The second approach is suitable for on-line (unsupervised) learning and requires no training. In this paper we present a comparative analysis of off-the-shelf and new algorithms for computing confidence scores, following the acoustic and lattice-based paradigms. We compare the performance of these algorithms across three tasks for small, medium and large vocabulary speech recognition tasks and for two languages (Italian and English). We show that word-lattice based algorithm provides consistent and effective performance across automatic speech recognition task
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Motion of an elliptical vortex under rotating strain: conditions for asymmetric merging
No full textThe analysis of the motion of a uniform vortex (patch) of elliptical shape under a relating strain field is employed to investigate the conditions leading to merging for two co-rotating elliptical patches of equal vorticity but different circulation. The motion of the patch having smaller circulation under the rotating strain field induced by the other vortex is analyzed, by considering both the intensity and the rotation rate of the strain constant. Under this assumption, we may adopt a first integral of motion which has been already used to discuss the different kinds of motion experienced by the elliptical patch. In the present paper, the dependence of the motion on the initial conditions and on the strain parameters is analyzed in further detail, to provide an overall picture of the elliptical patch dynamics. These results are employed in the analysis of the merging conditions. To this aim, the strain parameters, written in terms of the circulation of the larger vortex and of the distance between the two vortices, are kept frozen at their initial values. For a given circulation of the larger vortex and for a given vorticity and initial configuration of the smaller one, it is possible to find a particular distance between the vortices - transitional distance, d(t) - to which a significant change in the dynamics of the smaller elliptical patch is associated. It is always slightly lower than the critical distance and the difference between the two values decreases for vanishing size of the smaller vortex. The analysis of the first integral shows that, for an initial distance larger than d(t), the motion of the vortex leads to small periodic variations of its second-order moment. On the contrary, when the distance is smaller than d(t), the motion implies a large growth of its second-order moment, that is able to force the merging for frozen strain parameters. (C) 1998 The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics Incorporated and Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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