509 research outputs found
Specific and common antigenic determinants of Candida albicans isolates detected by monoclonal antibody
Full text linkWe isolated a hybridoma cell line which produced monoclonal antibody to one determinant of an exoantigen of Candida albicans. The immunoglobulin G antibody product was characterized by using a Western blot technique and was used for a serological analysis of numerous homologous and heterologous yeast isolates. Based on specific immunologic determinants, C. albicans strains were identified and clustered into five groups. The monoclonal antibodies were effective reagents for identifying and serotyping our C. albicans isolates; they have potential application in the epidemiology of yeast infections
Reevaluation of the yeast killer phenomenon
Full text linkThe killer effect of 36 Hansenula, Pichia, Saccharomyces, and Candida species on 26 hyphomycetes isolates, 1 isolate of the achlorophyllous microorganism Prototheca, 4 isolates of the lipophilic yeast Malassezia, 1 isolate of the aerobic actinomycete Nocardia, and 19 isolates of bacteria was studied. The killer phenomenon, which was previously considered to be restricted to yeasts, was found to occur among unrelated microorganisms
Production and characterization of yeast killer toxin monoclonal antibodies
Full text linkMonoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from mice primed with a crude extract of yeast killer toxin produced by a strain of Hansenula anomala. Hybridomas were selected by specific immunoassay reaction of their fluid with crude yeast killer toxin extract. Among the monoclonal antibodies, which were characterized by the Western blot technique, one (designated KT4) proved to have precipitating properties, thus permitting the neutralization of the killer activity of the toxin. Experiments in double immunodiffusion showed that monoclonal antibody KT4 produced homologous precipitin bands by reacting with either the crude toxin used as immunogen or a toxic extract of Hansenula mrakii. It is suggested that these monoclonal antibodies will be useful for the purification, characterization, and understanding of the bioactions of yeast killer toxins
Exoantigen Studies of Sporothrix schenckii, Ceratocystis minor, and Graphium penicilliodes cultures
No full textCultures of Sporothrix schenckii were serologically tested by the exoantigen immunodiffusion technique of Kaufman and Standard (L. Kaufman and P.G. Standard, J. Clin. Microbiol. 8:42-45, 1978). This rapid and sensitive technique permitted the identification of 10 isolates of S. schenckii within 3 days. The production of the antigen-antiserum reference system and exoantigens with two different methods are reported. The demonstration of common antigens in S. schenckii and Ceratocystis minor, the suspected perfect state of S. schenckii, indicates that the two are antigenically related; however, the question as to whether C. minor represents the perfect form of S. schenckii will depend upon the induction of a sexual state in S. schenckii
Yeast killer toxin-like anti-idiotypic antibodies
Full text linkAnti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids) were raised in a rabbit against a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) neutralizing the yeast killer toxin produced by a strain of Pichia (Hansenula) anomala. In an immunodiffusion test, the anti-Ids produced in the rabbit recognized the antigen-binding site of the MAb used as the immunogen (KT4) but not that of another heterologous MAb. The absence of any significant cross-reactivity among the anti-Ids raised in a rabbit for a heterologous MAb suggested that the anti-Ids were highly specific for unique variable-region determinants. Furthermore, the P. anomala killer toxin proved to be competing with anti-Ids for the binding site of MAb KT4. Anti-Ids against the MAb to yeast killer toxin inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, thereby mimicking the effect of the yeast killer toxin. These results suggest that, in some cases, anti-Ids might be useful tools for elucidating structure-function relationships for sensitive cell receptors
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