525 research outputs found
Souvenirs d’un révolutionnaire arménien de Rouben : entre épopée et Mémoires
No full textLes sept volumes des mémoires de Rouben (Minas Ter Minassian 1882‑1951), Հայ յեղափոխականի մը յիշատակնեը, (Souvenirs d’un révolutionnaire arménien) publiés à Los Angeles de 1951 à 1952, puis réédités à différentes reprises à Beyrouth à partir de 1972, constituent une source sans équivalent de l’historiographie arménienne non soviétique du xxe siècle. L’article souligne l’originalité des Mémoires en tant que source sur le « pays arménien » dans l’Empire ottoman avant le Génocide de 1915. Il aborde la personnalité de leur auteur en tant que révolutionnaire, mémorialiste et homme d’État.The memoirs of Ruben (Minas Ter Minassian 1882‑1951), in seven volumes (The Memoirs of an Armenian revolutionary -Հայ յեղափոխականի մը յիշատակնեը), published between 1951 and 1952 in Los Angeles and re‑issued several times in Beirut from 1972 onwards, represent an unparalleled source for twentieth‑century non‑Soviet Armenian historiography. This entry underscores the memoirs’ originality as a source for ‘the country of Armenians’ within the Ottoman Empire before the Genocide of 1915. It also discusses the personality of the author as a revolutionary, memorialist and statesman.Ռուբենի (Մինաս Տեր‑Մինասյան 1882‑1951) հուշերը յոթ հատորով (Հայ յեղափոխականի մը յիշատակները) հրատարակված1951‑1952թթ.-ին Լոս Անջելեսում և հետագայում՝ սկսած 1972թ.‑ից, վերահրատարակված մի քանի անգամ Բեյրութում, հանդիսանում են հայոց պատմագրության ոչ‑սովետական եզակի աղբյուր: Հոդվածը ընդգծում է հուշերի նշանակությունը որպես ինքնատիպ պատմական աղբյուր մինչև 1915թ.‑ի ցեղասպանությունը Օսմանյան կայսրության մեջ գոյություն ունեցող «հայոց երկրի» մասին: Այն նաև ներկայացնում է հեղինակին որպես հեղափոխական, հուշագիր և պետական այր
D2B-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Promising Vehicles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer
No full textDespite the multitude of therapeutic agents available to treat prostate cancer (PC), there are still no effective and safe measures to treat the tumor. It remains a challenge to develop a simple approach to target PC with specific antibodies. In our study, D2B monoclonal antibodies against a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) were used. We investigated the functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with D2B to generate favorable physicochemical and biological properties that mediate specific binding to PC. For this purpose, AuNPs with a size of about 25 nm were synthesized in water using sodium citrate as a reducing and stabilizing agent and then coated with D2B. Major physicochemical properties of naked and D2B-coated AuNPs were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The successful binding of D2B to AuNPs-citrate caused a 15 nm red shift in the UV-vis. This was assessed by DLS as an increase in zeta potential from -,-45 to -,-23 mV and in the size of AuNPs from -,25 to -,63 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the size shift of AuNPs, which was detected as an exterior organic layer of D2Bs surrounding each AuNP. Even at high exposure levels of the bioconjugates, PSMA-PC-3 cells exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. The specific and dose-dependent binding of AuNPs-D2B to PC-3-PSMA cells was validated by flow cytometry analysis. Our data provide effective drug delivery systems in PC theranostics
Targeting prostate cancer cells with D2B-gold Nanoparticles
No full textIn this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an estimate diameter of 25 nm have been synthesized in water using sodium citrate as both reducing and stabilizing agent at ~95 C and in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The generated AuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. Additionally, AuNPs were coated with D2B, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing an extracellular epitope of the human prostate specific membrane antigen (hPSMA). Binding of antibodies to PSMA induces its endocytosis, thereby marking PSMA as a docking site for the delivery of therapeutic agents. To attain a stabilized and covalent bond between D2B and AuNPs the strong S-Au bond was exploited; so, the sulfhydryl group (SH) in a cysteine of the D2B was utilized. Binding of D2B to AuNPs-citrate colloidal solution caused a red shift with a higher wavelength of about 15 nm in the UV-Vis spectra. Furthermore, as a confirmation of the successful conjugation, DLS revealed an increase in both the AuNPs size from ~25 to ~63 nm and Zeta potential measurements for AuNPs-citrate from ~ -45 mV to -23 mV. The cytotoxicity of D2B-AuNPs was assessed using the WST-1 cell proliferation assay and the agarose gel DNA fragmentation method. Finally, the specific delivery and binding of our customized NPs was tested using flow cytometry and western blot. Our results pave the way for further research using coated NPs as vehicles for drug delivery in in vitro as well as in vivo models
Genetic diagnosis in Lafora disease: Genotype-phenotype correlations and diagnostic pitfalls
No full textLafora disease (LD) can be diagnosed by skin biopsy, but this approach has both false negatives and false positives. Biopsies of other organs can also be diagnostic but are more invasive. Genetic diagnosis is also possible but can be inconclusive, for example, in patients with only one heterozygous EPM2A mutation and patients with apparently homozygous EPM2B mutations where one parent is not a carrier of the mutation. We sought to identify occult mutations and clarify the genotypes and confirm the diagnosis of LD in patients with apparent nonrecessive disease inheritance. We used single nucleotide polymorphism, quantitative PCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses. We identified large EPM2A and EPM2B deletions undetectable by PCR in the heterozygous state and describe simple methods for their routine detection. We report a coding sequence change in several patients and describe why the pathogenic role of this change remains unclear. We confirm that adult-onset LD is due to EPM2B mutations. Finally, we report major intrafamilial heterogeneity in age at onset in LD. ©2007AAN Enterprises, Inc.Andrade DM, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V61, P1611; Baykan B, 2005, EPILEPSIA, V46, P1695, DOI 10.1111-j.1528-1167.2005.00272.x; BUSARD HLSM, 1987, ANN NEUROL, V21, P599, DOI 10.1002-ana.410210613; CARPENTER S, 1981, ANN NEUROL, V10, P63, DOI 10.1002-ana.410100116; Chan EM, 2004, NEUROLOGY, V63, P565; Chan EM, 2003, NAT GENET, V35, P125, DOI 10.1038-ng1238; Chan EM, 2004, HUM MOL GENET, V13, P1117, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddh130; Fernandez-Barreiro A, 1999, J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS, V66, P114; Fernandez-Sanchez ME, 2003, HUM MOL GENET, V12, P3161, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddg340; Footitt DR, 1997, J NEUROL, V244, P40; Franceschetti S, 2006, EPILEPSIA, V47, P640, DOI 10.1111-j.1528-1167.2006.00479.x; Ganesh S, 2002, HUM MOL GENET, V11, P1263, DOI 10.1093-hmg-11.11.1263; Ganesh S, 2004, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V313, P1101, DOI 10.1016-j.bbrc.2003.12.043; Ganesh S, 2000, HUM MOL GENET, V9, P2251; Gentry MS, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P8501, DOI 10.1073-pnas.0503285102; Gomez-Abad C, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V64, P982; Gomez-Garre P, 2000, EUR J HUM GENET, V8, P946, DOI 10.1038-sj.ejhg.5200571; Ianzano Leonarda, 2005, Hum Mutat, V26, P397, DOI 10.1002-humu.9376; KAUFMAN MA, 1993, NEUROLOGY, V43, P1246; Lafora GR, 1911, Z GESAMTE NEUROL PSY, V6, P1, DOI 10.1007-BF02863929; Lohi H, 2005, HUM MOL GENET, V14, P2727, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddi306; Lohi Hannes, 2006, Adv Neurol, V97, P399; Messouak O, 2002, REV NEUROL-FRANCE, V158, P74; Minassian BA, 1998, NAT GENET, V20, P171, DOI 10.1038-2470; Minassian BA, 2001, PEDIATR NEUROL, V25, P21, DOI 10.1016-S0887-8994(00)00276-9; Minassian BA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V55, P341; Minassian BA, 2000, NEUROLOGY, V54, P488; Singh S, 2005, J HUM GENET, V50, P347, DOI 10.1007-s10038-005-0263-7; Van Heycop Ten Ham MV, 1974, HDB CLIN NEUROLOGY, V15, P382; Wang JY, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P2377, DOI 10.1074-jbc.C100686200; Wang W, 2004, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V325, P726, DOI 10.1016-j.bbrc.2004.10.08321211
Virus emergentes y reemergentes: un nuevo reto para la salud mundial del milenio
No full textLa historia de la humanidad siempre estuvo azotada por distintas emergencias sanitarias a raíz de conflictos bélicos, catástrofes naturales y grandes epidemias. Pero los «animálculos» de Anton van Leeuwenhoek del nuevo milenio apuntan específicamente a lo imprevisto, lo inesperado, lo nuevo. Estos «animálculos mileniales», los llamados virus emergentes y reemergentes, han provocado diferentes brotes, con consecuencias devastadoras para la salud y la economía globalFil: Cuestas, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Minassian, Maria Laura. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Le paysage de la gentrification à Barcelone
No full textCet article présente en quoi le paysage urbain permet d’appréhender le phénomène de gentrification. En mettant en évidence la rareté des travaux espagnols sur la gentrification et en s’appuyant sur un corpus photographique de Ciutat Vella (le centre médiéval et pré-XIXe siècle de Barcelone), l’auteur cherche à souligner l’apport de cette méthodologie pour comprendre un phénomène qui modifie en profondeur le paysage urbain et social. L’article s’appuie sur la lecture du paysage urbain élaborée par S. Rimbert et les réflexions de D. Mendibil et J.-M. Schaeffer sur la photographie. Il propose un parcours photographique autour de l’opération de rénovation de la « Rambla del Raval » dans le quartier du Raval (district de Ciutat Vella), spécifique par son histoire, son contexte socio-économique et son rôle dans l’imaginaire collectif à l’échelle de l’agglomération. Cette lecture complète l’approche quantitative et met en évidence la juxtaposition de phénomènes contradictoires autour de la Rambla del Raval, entre dégradation et gentrification en cours.Hovig Ter Minassian, The landscape of gentrification in Barcelona This article examines the way in which the urban landscape makes it possible to apprehend the phenomenon of gentrification. Pointing to the scarcity of Spanish studies on issues of gentrification and drawing on a corpus of photographs of Ciutat Vella, i.e. the medieval and pre-19th century centre of Barcelona, the author seeks to underline the contribution of this methodology to understand a phenomenon which deeply modifies the urban and social landscape. The article draws on S. Rimbert’s conceptualization of urban landscape and on the writings of D. Mendibil and J.-M. Schaeffer on photography. It offers a photographic route around the operation of renovation of the “Rambla del Raval” in the area of the Raval (district of Ciutat Vella), specific by its history, its socio-economic context and its role in the collective imaginary of the whole agglomeration. This methodology is conceived of as complementary to the quantitative approach and highlights the juxtaposition of contradictory phenomena around the “Rambla del Raval”, between degradation and gentrification in progress
The Art of Making Everybody Happy: How to Prevent a Secession
No full textIn this paper we examine compensation schemes that prevent a threat of secession by any of a country's regions. We prove that, under quite general assumptions on the distribution of citizens' preferences, there exist transfer schemes that are secession-proof. Moreover, we show that these compensation schemes entail a degree of partial equalization among regions: the gap between advantaged regions and disadvantaged regions has to be reduced but it should never be completely eliminated. We demonstrate that in the case of a uniform distribution of the nation's citizens, the secession-proof conditions generate the 50 percent compensation rule for disadvantaged regions. Copyright 2003, International Monetary Fund
A SPONTANEOUS MOUSE MODEL OF X-LINKED MYOPATHY WITH EXCESSIVE AUTOPHAGY
No full textthe subject of the thesis research project, aims to characterize a murine model for spontaneous muscle pathology comparable to human "X-Linked Vacuolar myopathy with Excessive Autophagy (XMEA)". Along with Danon disease, these myopathies are characterized by the accumulation of vacuoles within the myofiber.
In 1988, Kalimo et al. have described five cases (all males) who had progressive proximal myopathy, which did not involve the heart muscle. The muscle biopsies of all patients showed numerous vacuoles, sarcoplasmic and subsarcolemmal, many of which were positive for the lysosomal enzyme, for the morphological appearance described, was proposed the term: X-Linked Vacuolar myopathy with Excessive Autophagy (XMEA).
We used crosses of strain C57/BL6 mice of different ages and sex, we processed triceps muscles, quadriceps femoris and the cranial tibial muscle and made morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining on this samples. From laboratory tests performed on muscle biopsies, we found the presence of numerous vacuoles within muscle fibers, only in males. All these characters are comparable to XMEA.
The availability of a well characterized mouse model it may help define the etiopathogenesis of this disease
Le paysage de la gentrification à Barcelone
No full textCet article présente en quoi le paysage urbain permet d’appréhender le phénomène de gentrification. En mettant en évidence la rareté des travaux espagnols sur la gentrification et en s’appuyant sur un corpus photographique de Ciutat Vella (le centre médiéval et pré-XIXe siècle de Barcelone), l’auteur cherche à souligner l’apport de cette méthodologie pour comprendre un phénomène qui modifie en profondeur le paysage urbain et social. L’article s’appuie sur la lecture du paysage urbain élaborée par S. Rimbert et les réflexions de D. Mendibil et J.-M. Schaeffer sur la photographie. Il propose un parcours photographique autour de l’opération de rénovation de la « Rambla del Raval » dans le quartier du Raval (district de Ciutat Vella), spécifique par son histoire, son contexte socio-économique et son rôle dans l’imaginaire collectif à l’échelle de l’agglomération. Cette lecture complète l’approche quantitative et met en évidence la juxtaposition de phénomènes contradictoires autour de la Rambla del Raval, entre dégradation et gentrification en cours.Hovig Ter Minassian, The landscape of gentrification in Barcelona This article examines the way in which the urban landscape makes it possible to apprehend the phenomenon of gentrification. Pointing to the scarcity of Spanish studies on issues of gentrification and drawing on a corpus of photographs of Ciutat Vella, i.e. the medieval and pre-19th century centre of Barcelona, the author seeks to underline the contribution of this methodology to understand a phenomenon which deeply modifies the urban and social landscape. The article draws on S. Rimbert’s conceptualization of urban landscape and on the writings of D. Mendibil and J.-M. Schaeffer on photography. It offers a photographic route around the operation of renovation of the “Rambla del Raval” in the area of the Raval (district of Ciutat Vella), specific by its history, its socio-economic context and its role in the collective imaginary of the whole agglomeration. This methodology is conceived of as complementary to the quantitative approach and highlights the juxtaposition of contradictory phenomena around the “Rambla del Raval”, between degradation and gentrification in progress
Emerging treatments for progressive myoclonus epilepsies
No full textIntroduction: Progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, invariably leading to severe disability or fatal outcome in a few years or decades. Nowadays, PMEs treatment remains challenging with a significant burden of disability for patients. Pharmacotherapy is primarily used to treat seizures, which impact patients’ quality of life. However, new approaches have emerged in the last few years, which try to curb the neurological deterioration of PMEs through a better knowledge of the pathogenetic process. This is a review on the newest therapeutic options for the treatment of PMEs. Areas covered: Experimental and clinical results on novel therapeutic approaches for the different forms of PME are reviewed and discussed. Special attention is primarily focused on the efficacy and tolerability outcomes, trying to infer the role novel approaches may have in the future. Expert opinion: The large heterogeneity of disease-causing mechanisms prevents researchers from identifying a single approach to treat PMEs. Understanding of pathophysiologic processes is leading the way to targeted therapies, which, through enzyme replacement or underlying gene defect correction have already proved to potentially strike on neurodegeneration
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