79 research outputs found
Application of Melfa and Melfa No. 2 for Urinary Tract Infections
No full textA new sulfamide preparation Melfa (Sulfamethyl thiadiazole) was administered to 8 cases of acute and chronic cystitis. An remarkable effect was obtained in 6 cases and an effect was observed in the remaining 2 cases. A daily dose of 2g was given in 4 divided doses and an exccesive water-intake and combined use with alkaline salt were not used for this treatment. Melfa No. 2, a combined preparation of M'Afa No. 1 and Romezine (3ulfamerazine preparation) in an equal amount were used for the treatment of 5 cases of acute gonococcal urethritis. An remarkable effect was obtained in 3 cases, an effect in 1 case and no effect in the remaining 1 case. Administration of a daily dose of 4 g in 4 divided doses was not effective, but administration of a daily dose of 6 g in 6 divided doses was found remakably effective or effective
La canzone impegnata tunisina: storia, ideologia e poetica di una controcultura (anni 1970 – anni 1980)
No full textLa canzone impegnata (in arabo al-ughniya al-multazima) emerge in Tunisia tra gli anni 1970 e 1980 quale espressione controculturale dell'opposizione politica al regime di Habib Bourguiba. Nel presente studio, la canzone impegnata funge da prospettiva dalla quale guardare alla storia politica, ideologica e culturale della Tunisia; una prospettiva che merita di essere indagata per diversi motivi. In primo luogo, perché essa ha registrato e celebrato eventi significativi, ma dalla parte dei vinti, raccontando una storia minore all'interno della storia del paese. Essa ha lasciato così emergere le linee ideologiche e le aspirazioni su cui si costruiva l'opposizione politica al regime di Habib Bourguiba. In secondo luogo, perché le modalità e gli spazi di creazione, produzione e circolazione delle canzoni, di organizzazione dei concerti, di interazione e scambio con il pubblico, possono fare luce su una serie di pratiche resistenziali di una generazione militante, e al tempo stesso possono dirci qualcosa sulla dialettica tra autoritarismo e controcultura in quel periodo storico. Infine, perché essa offre una sorta di retrospettiva della cultura rivoluzionaria o di protesta più recente, e potrebbe potenzialmente contribuire a comprendere i mutamenti profondi negli orizzonti di vita e di idee di diverse generazioni contestatarie. La ricerca si avvale di un approccio interdisciplinare, che combina lo studio della storia politica e culturale della Tunisia contemporanea agli strumenti teorici degli studi culturali, ad alcuni dei metodi tipici della ricerca etnografica, e all'analisi letteraria del testo-canzone
Frontières fragiles. Contrebande et solidarité transnationale en Tunisie pendant la guerre en Libye
No full textCette contribution vise à analyser comment la population de la Tunisie coloniale s’est mobilisée pour la guerre en Libye, quels furent ses mouvements vers la Tripolitaine, et
l’importance de ce conflit dans la société coloniale tunisienne. c t de la population
identifi e comme musulmane tunisienne engag e dans la r sistance en Tripolitaine –
notamment le groupe nationaliste des Jeunes Tunisiens –, se comptaient les Italiens de
Tunisie qui, s duits par la propagande colonialiste, soutenaient l’invasion. Le conflit entre
Italiens-colonialistes-envahisseurs et Arabes-panislamistes-nationalistes se reproduisait donc
l'int rieur de la soci t tunisienne. L’int r t de cet tude est d’analyser les mouvements de
ces communaut s vers la Libye pendant le conflit italo-turc : mouvements tant concrets (de
marchandises, de volontaires, d’exp ditions d’ouvriers) qu’id ologiques (solidarit
panislamiste, soutien colonialiste). La communaut des immigr s italiens en Tunisie, install s
depuis longtemps dans la R gence, participa mat riellement l’entreprise colonialiste de la
m re-patrie. Le lien identitaire des migr s envers leur patrie d’origine s’inscrit dans le cadre
du transnational nationalism trac par Choate7. Le panislamisme tunisien s’opposait au
nationalisme des expatri s italiens8. Les fronti res id ologiques s’appuyaient ainsi sur des
formes de solidarit transnationale allant au-del des fronti res g ographiques
administratives
The Nexus of Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Carcinoma: Insights into Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Challenges—A Narrative Review
No full textThis review investigates the intricate relationship between hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and thyroid carcinoma (TC), aiming to elucidate their coexistence, potential pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical implications. A systematic search strategy, employing the MeSH terms 'Hyperparathyroidism' and 'Thyroid Carcinoma', spanned publications from 2013 to 2023 across the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Fifteen selected articles were analyzed. Studies unanimously confirm the notable association between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and thyroid nodules/cancer, with incidences ranging from 2.8% to 47.1%. Key findings reveal a predilection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in this association, showcasing varying tumor characteristics and gender disparities. Lower preoperative serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are a potential risk factor for thyroid cancer in PHPT patients. Diverse surgical approaches and tumor characteristics between PHPT and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) cases were noted. Moreover, this review underscores the scarcity of definitive guidelines in managing concurrent PHPT and thyroid conditions, advocating for comprehensive assessments to enhance diagnostic accuracy and refine therapeutic interventions. Rare coincidental associations, as highlighted by case reports, shed light on unique clinical scenarios. In essence, this review amalgamates evidence to deepen the understanding of the interplay between HPT and TC, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and guide clinical management
Algeri, crocevia per la diplomazia internazionale del FRELIMO nella guerra di liberazione in Mozambico
No full textDurante la guerra di indipendenza in Mozambico (1962–1975) dal regime coloniale portoghese, la leadership che assunse le redini del FRELIMO preval-se su altre componenti del nazionalismo mozambicano sia sul terreno di battaglia che nell’ambito della diplomazia internazionale. Il FRELIMO fu in grado di trovare il sostegno di una serie di governi africani in competizione tra di loro per influenzare gli esiti dei processi di decolonizzazione ancora in corso e mostrò una particolare abilità diplomatica nel contesto interna-zionale stringendo importanti alleanze trasversali ai meccanismi della guer-ra fredda. In questo percorso, l’Algeria neo–indipendente giocò un ruolo importante nell’addestrare i guerriglieri mozambicani, nell’accogliere una sede di rappresentanza del FRELIMO che agiva da centrale della sua diploma-zia internazionale durante gli anni ’60, e nel mettere in comunicazione il FRELIMO stesso con i movimenti di liberazione di altre colonie con cui strinse importanti alleanze in vista dell’indipendenza del paese
Da decolonising memory a decolonising knowledge : le conseguenze del movimento RhodesMustFall in Sudafrica : un modello per l’Italia?
No full textIl saggio è il risultato di una biennale ricerca svolta in Sudafrica a seguito del movimento Rhodes Must Fall, diffusosi in tutto il Paese a partire dall’Università di Cape Town (UCT) per dare il via ad un movimento più ampio che potremmo sintetizzare nell’invocazione “decolonising knowledge”, che sta interessando tutte le istituzioni educative del Paese, in misura più o meno diretta e con reazioni più o meno violente. Il dibattito nelle università è alimentato da forze intellettuali che si sono mobilitate a sostegno del movimento (Ngugi Wa Thiongo, Mahmood Mamdani, Achille Mbembe fra i tanti), scuotendo le istituzioni e traducendosi non solo in prese di posizione da parte di docenti e organizzazioni del corpo studentesco, rispetto al movimento ed alle sue derive, ma anche in veri e propri corsi di studio, destinati ad influenzare profondamente gli altri gradi di istruzione, come si fa evidente al confronto con tanta parte della società civile impegnata nei quartieri (specie in quelli più disagiati) a sostegno dell’educazione formale in ambito urbano, che si organizza per far fronte alle nuove esigenze portate a galla dal movimento
Breast cancer in previously thyroidectomized patients: which thyroid disorders are a risk factor?
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are thyroid diseases in which breast cancer will appear later as well as the role of autoimmunity. This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 410 females (thyroid surgery and later breast cancer) and 524 females (thyroid surgery only) were compared with regard to pathological thyroid findings, thyroid hormones, thyroid autoimmunity and type of breast cancer. Thyroid autoimmunity, especially antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, significantly increased the risk of breast cancer (p < 0.01); however, this was not true for other thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. No variant of breast cancer was predominant, and only thyroid autoimmunity was associated with the risk of breast cancer. Further research is needed to explain the impacts of different antithyroid antibodies.Lay abstract: Several studies have long hypothesized a link between thyroid disease and breast cancer. The authors' study retrospectively examined a large cohort of patients who initially underwent thyroid surgery and subsequently had breast cancer compared with a control group consisting of patients with only breast cancer. This comparison showed that only autoimmune thyroid disease was a risk factor for subsequent breast cancer, whereas no significant association of thyroid cancer with breast cancer was found
Surgeon volume and hospital volume in endocrine neck surgery: how many procedures are needed for reaching a safety level and acceptable costs? A systematic narrative review
No full textThe relationship between quality of care and provider's experience is well known in all fields of surgery. Even in thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies, the emphasis on positive volume-outcome relationships is believed. It led us to an evaluation of volume activity's impact in terms of quality of care. A systematic narrative review was performed. According to the PRISMA criteria, we selected 87 paper and, after the study selection was performed, 22 studies were finally included in this review. All articles included were unanimous in attributing to activity volume of surgeons as well as centers a substantial importance. Some differences in outcomes between these investigated categories have been found: best results of the high volume surgeon is evident expecially in terms of complications, on the contrary best outcomes of a high volume center are mainly economics, such as hospital stay and general costs of the procedures. A cut-off of 35-40 thyroidectomies per year for single surgeon, and 90-100 thyroidectomies for single center appears reasonable for identifying an adequate activity. Concerning parathyroidectomy, we can consider reasonable a cut off at 10-12 operations/year. More studies are needed in a European or more circumscribed perspective.The relationship between quality of care and provider’s experience is well known in all fields of surgery. Even in thyroidectomies and pa-rathyroidectomies, the emphasis on positive volume-outcome relationships is believed. It led us to an evaluation of volume activity’s impact in terms of quality of care. A systematic narrative review was performed. According to the PRISMA criteria, we selected 87 paper and, after the study selection was performed, 22 studies were finally included in this review. All articles included were unanimous in attributing to activity volume of surgeons as well as centers a substantial importance. Some differences in outcomes between these investigated categories have been found: best results of the high volume surgeon is evident expecially in terms of complications, on the contrary best outcomes of a high volume center are mainly economics, such as hospital stay and general costs of the procedures. A cut-off of 35-40 thyroidectomies per year for single surgeo..
Surgical complications in prophylactic central neck dissection: Preliminary findings from a retrospective cohort study
No full textAim. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid malignancy with an overall ten-year survival more than 90%. Total thyroidectomy (TT) is considered the gold standard for PTC, but not all the endocrine surgeons agree on central neck dissection except in case of known metastases. Methods. We enrolled 158 patients, that underwent, between January 1990 and September 2012 total thyroidectomy±prophylactic CND for PTC. 59 Patients (group A) had a preoperative diagnosis of PTC; 99 (group B) had a diagnosis of benign disease. We focused on possible complications. Results. In group A we had 4 patients who blamed a definitive RLN palsy, only 1 patient in group B, with an OR=7.12. Definitive hypoparathyroidism was found respectively in 3 patients of group A and in 5 patients in group B, even in this case not statistically significant with an OR=1.007. Conclusion. We can affirm that the complications of thyroid surgery seem not to be strongly associated to the extent of surgery
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