61 research outputs found
WideBand PLL as a clock multiplier
No full textIn this study, the theory, design and analysis of PLL circuits are examined and a 4.9GHz ~ 5.9GHz Wideband CMOS PLL Frequency Synthesizer is designed and implemented in IBM 65nm digital-process. The objective of this thesis work is to understand the limitations in Wideband PLL systems when the application frequency range extends to multiple gigahertz. This study explores the inband noise contribution of PLL blocks and also investigates solutions to high frequency operation of phase frequency detectors and charge pumps. A high frequency phase-frequency detector topology is presented. With this topology, static phase error of the loop remains close to zero even if the charge-pump has a large amount of current mismatch. A design which is capable correct operation up to a frequency 1.74 GHz is designed. A high frequency differential charge pump circuit with glitch suppression is presented. The VCO of the PLL is implemented with a mutlipath loop ring oscillator. The VCO has a better supply noise performance compared to conventional ring oscillators but however it is still not suitable for applications with noisy supply, thus off chip supply decoupling is used. VCO operates within 4.79GHz ~ 6.54GHz for all process corners. The frequency divider which is used from project library has a constant division ratio of 6. Entire PLL design consumes 14.9 mW from 1.2 V supply, under typical conditions. Total area of the PLL is 1 mm x 800 um including the pads.Microelectronics & Computer EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Down to Earth
No full textThe first half-year we were working in a collective (9 persons) and doing a thorough research and analysis. We took the Riberas del Bravo settlement in the northern Mexican city of Ciudad Juárez as a case study. This city has numerous problems, of which the emerging phenomenon of abandoned and deserted housing in Mexico is among its most striking. The entire settlement consists of dwellings built between 2000 and present, of which about 20% - 25% are abandoned houses. This phenomenon has various reasons and points towards a complex mesh of forces that influence the built environment. They encompass entangled dimensions of political economy and socio-economic developments, which only touch the built structure of actual housing at the very last stage. In the first weeks we were investigating the events in the history of Juárez, which lead to its formation, its growth and ultimately to the problems of today. Eventually this resulted in a timeline, historical maps and analytical maps of all the (main) factors involved. In the end of the Msc-3 period our research resulted in a common strategic proposal on the level of the city and moreover on the level of the case-study. Because of all the information we gathered and the group-strategy it resulted in, I had the possibility to create a project, which is not only architectural, but also sensitive to its environment. Aspects of my project (like setting up of an alternative economic model based on Adobe production, tackling mono-functionality and long-term solutions) are a direct result of the combined effort of the collective strategy. I think because of my intuitive way of working, I have now a project which is more dynamic (a plot which transforms over the course of 50 years, through means of various aspects), from Urban plan to the very grain of an Adobe in the wall in the common kitchen. And above all, my project is now a firm stance against the social atrocities and urban asymmetries prevalent in Juárez. It is not just a design projected on a certain spot, but on the contrary: a project, which involves local inhabitants in a refined and responsible way. The project succeeds, when inhabitants take the initiative to pick up a shovel and oppose to the dependency of the Maquiladora-system (this system is proven to be destructive for Juárez). As a result an architecture emerges, which doesn’t deny the Urban Asymmetries, but embraces them and turn them into a positive social-economic experiment. An architecture, which at the same time (among others) is a repetition of a standard unit, but succeeds in not becoming a mere monotonous and mono-functional plan, but rather a diverse and sophisticated part of the settlement. My project is part of a collective work, of several projects, which together make a difference and form a prototype for the revitalization of the city of Ciudad Juárez.Urban Asymmetries, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico StudioDelft School of Design (DSD)Architectur
Chronicling Novelty. Nieuws! Lokale kronieken, 1500-1850
No full textCollective identities and transnational networks in medieval and early modern Europe, 1000-180
A 3.2mW SAR-assisted CTΔΣ ADC with 77.5dB SNDR and 40MHz BW in 28nm CMOS
No full text\u3cp\u3eThis paper presents a SAR-assisted Continuous-time Delta-Sigma (CT Δ Σ ) ADC, which combines the energy efficiency of SAR ADCs with the relaxed driving requirements of CT Δ Σ ADCs, as well as similar anti-alias filtering. When clocked at 2.4GHz, the ADC achieves 77.5dB SNDR in 40MHz BW. It consumes 3.2mW, resulting in a state-of-the-art Walden FoM of 6.5fJ/cs and a Schreier FOM of 178.5dB.\u3c/p\u3
Monitoring creatine and phosphocreatine by (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging during and after (13)C4 creatine loading: a feasibility study
No full textContains fulltext :
167953.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Creatine (Cr) supplementation to enhance muscle performance shows variable responses among individuals and different muscles. Direct monitoring of the supplied Cr in muscles would address these differences. In this feasibility study, we introduce in vivo 3D (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the leg with oral ingestion of (13)C4-creatine to observe simultaneously Cr and phosphocreatine (PCr) for assessing Cr uptake, turnover, and the ratio PCr over total Cr (TCr) in individual muscles. (13)C MRSI was performed of five muscles in the posterior thigh in seven subjects (two males and two females of ~20 years, one 82-year-old male, and two neuromuscular patients) with a (1)H/(13)C coil in a 3T MR system before, during and after intake of 15 % (13)C4-enriched Cr. Subjects ingested 20 g Cr/day for 4 days in four 5 g doses at equal time intervals. The PCr/TCr did not vary significantly during supplementation and was similar for all subjects and investigated muscles (average 0.71 +/- 0.07), except for the adductor magnus (0.64 +/- 0.03). The average Cr turnover rate, assessed in male muscles, was 2.1 +/- 0.7 %/day. The linear uptake rates of Cr were variable between muscles, although not significantly different. This assessment was possible in all investigated muscles of young male volunteers, but less so in muscles of the other subjects due to lower signal-to-noise ratio. Improvements for future studies are discussed. In vivo (13)C MRSI after (13)C-Cr ingestion is demonstrated for longitudinal studies of Cr uptake, turnover, and PCr/TCr ratios of individual muscles in one exam
[Salivary gland carcinoma]
No full textContains fulltext :
224897.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Salivary gland cancer is a malignancy that arises in the head and neck area. It is not only rare but its clinical course is also very heterogeneous. A total of 22 different subtypes can be distinguished, the symptoms, treatment and prognosis of which may differ greatly. This means that both the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are prone to error. This is illustrated by two cases: a 62-year-old man with a salivary duct carcinoma, and a 56-year-old man with an adenoid cystic carcinoma. These cases are used to illustrate the advances that have been made in the treatment of salivary gland cancer
Whole-body hyperthermia in combination with systemic therapy in advanced solid malignancies
No full textWhole-body hyperthermia (WBH)might be beneficial for patients with metastasized solid malignancies when combined with systemic therapy. This review identified and summarized the phase I/II studies (n = 13/14)conducted using this combination of therapies. Most of the phase II studies used radiant heating methods in a thermal dose of 41.8 °C (1 h). All studies used classic chemotherapy. Great inter-study heterogeneity was observed regarding treatment regimes, included patients and reported response rates (12–89%). Ovarian cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma, lung cancer and sarcoma have been studied most. Most reported toxicity (grade 3/4)was myelosuppression. Treatment related mortality was present (4 patients)in three out 14 phase II studies (350 evaluable patients, over 966 cycles of WBH with chemotherapy). Absence of phase III trials makes the additive value of WBH highly speculative. As modern oncology offers many less invasive treatments options, it is unlikely WBH will ever find its way in routine clinical care
Case series of docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (DTP) as first line anti-HER2 therapy and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) as second line for recurrent or metastatic HER2-positive salivary duct carcinoma
No full textOBJECTIVE: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) overexpresses Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in 29-46% of cases, favoring anti-HER2 therapy. Here, we present the results of patients with recurrent or metastatic HER2-positive SDC treated with docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (DTP) as first line anti-HER2 therapy and subsequently ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in second line. Furthermore, we searched for potential biomarkers. METHODS: Retrospective case series from a tertiary hospital. First line anti-HER2 treatment consisted of DTP, after progression T-DM1 was considered for patients with an adequate performance status. Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed and related to mRNA-based PI3K and MAPK signaling pathway activity scores. RESULTS: Thirteen SDC HER2 + patients received DTP. In twelve evaluable patients, one complete response (CR) and six partial responses (PR) were observed (ORR 58%), with a median PFS of 6.9 months (95%-CI 5.3-8.5). Seven patients received subsequent T-DM1 in second line, resulting in four PR (ORR 57%), with a median PFS of 4.4 months (95%-CI 0-18.8). Median OS after start of DTP was 42.0 months (95%-CI 13.8-70.1). Grade ≥ 3 toxicity on DTP was seen in 39% of patients, and 14% on T-DM1. Highest combined PI3K and MAPK signaling was seen in the patient with CR and lowest in the patient with progressive disease on DTP. CONCLUSION: In R/M HER2-positive SDC patients DTP followed by T-DM1 upon progression are promising treatments, leading to responses in the majority (58%) of the patients at an acceptable toxicity profile
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