928 research outputs found
Manuale di geografia commerciale
No full textPartendo dal presupposto che "i popoli sono tutti riuniti da un vincolo che si va facendo ogni giorno più stretto e più tenace, il vincolo della comunità degli interessi economici", Lanzoni evidenzia l\u27Importanza dell\u27analisi della Geografia commerciale, disciplina che ha come "iscopo principale lo studio dei prodotti delle industrie, delle comunicazioni, dei commerci e, infine, degli istituti commerciali che ne rappresentano e ne costituiscono la potenzialità economica", su base mondiale, in quanto i fenomeni di natura economica, peculiari per ogni Paese della terra, determinano dei contraccolpi da una parte del mondo all\u27altra.
In tal senso, dopo una prima parte generale dedicata alla trattazione generica delle risorse economiche nella triplice distinzione cara al Lanzoni di agricoltura, industria e commercio, segue la parte specifica che ne approfondisce l\u27utilizzo all\u27interno dei cinque contenenti.
PER RICERCHE SUL TESTO INTEGRALE, EFFETTUARE IL DOWNLOAD DEL LIBRO.Partendo dal presupposto che "i popoli sono tutti riuniti da un vincolo che si va facendo ogni giorno più stretto e più tenace, il vincolo della comunità degli interessi economici", Lanzoni evidenzia l\u27Importanza dell\u27analisi della Geografia commerciale, disciplina che ha come "iscopo principale lo studio dei prodotti delle industrie, delle comunicazioni, dei commerci e, infine, degli istituti commerciali che ne rappresentano e ne costituiscono la potenzialità economica", su base mondiale, in quanto i fenomeni di natura economica, peculiari per ogni Paese della terra, determinano dei contraccolpi da una parte del mondo all\u27altra.
In tal senso, dopo una prima parte generale dedicata alla trattazione generica delle risorse economiche nella triplice distinzione cara al Lanzoni di agricoltura, industria e commercio, segue la parte specifica che ne approfondisce l\u27utilizzo all\u27interno dei cinque contenenti.
PER RICERCHE SUL TESTO INTEGRALE, EFFETTUARE IL DOWNLOAD DEL LIBRO
The protection of the right to health and the procedures for voluntary termination of pregnancy between European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights
No full textSUMMARY: 1. Preliminary remarks. – 2. The relation between right to health and access to the voluntary termination of pregnancy: the Law No. 194 of 1978 and the observations of the Constitutional Court. - 3. (To follow): the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. – 4. The problems concerning the application of the Law No. 194 of 1978. - 4.1. The attempts to extend the context of application of Article 9. - 4.2. Problems of application related to the scientific development: the temporal limits of the access to the voluntary termination of pregnancy and the so-called fetus vitality. – 5. The role of Italian Regions and the effective exercise of women’s social rights. – 5.1. Voluntary termination of pregnancy and role of Regions. – 5.2. The 1981 decision of the Court of Milan. – 5.3. Regional monitoring functions and coordination mechanisms. – 5.4. Article 5 of Law no 194 of 1978 and the problem of the ‘partial’ conscientious objection. 5.5. The institutional level lacks and the effectiveness of the right to access to the procedures for voluntary termination of pregnancy. Further remarks. – 6. The Collective Complaints against Italy on the conscientious objection. - 6.1. The Collective Complaint No. 87/2012. - 6.2. The Decisions on the admissibility and the merits of the Collective Complaint No. 87/2012. - 6.3. The Collective Complaint No. 91/2013. - 7. Concluding remarks.Benedetta Liberali is the author of Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7. Lisa Lanzoni is the author of Sections 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5
Reply to comment by Cao and Hu on "Long waves in erodible channels and morphodynamic influence"
No full textWe thank Cao and Hu [ 2008] very much for their comment. We must honestly say that at first sight, we felt that their point, reproducing that raised by Cao and Carling [ 2003] to challenge the formulation of the 1-D governing equations proposed by Lisle et al. [ 2001], had already been proven to be erroneous by Cui et al. [ 2005]. However, after more careful examination of the matter, we have concluded that both the final forms of the continuity equation derived by Cao and Hu [ 2008] ( hereinafter referred to as CH) and Lanzoni et al. [ 2006] ( hereinafter denoted as LSFS) are not wholly correct. Indeed, while the main point raised by CH is definitely correct, they reach slightly incorrect conclusions, employing a framework which ignores the distinction between bed load and suspended load. On the other hand, the LSFS derivation is also incorrect in that it will be seen to ignore the defect of water flux due to the presence of particles transported as bed load, an effect which turns out to be of the same order of magnitude as that of the retained contributions. This effect modifies the final form of the continuity equation for the fluid phase which does indeed include a sediment transport correction, whose structure will be seen to be intermediate between the one derived by LSFS and that suggested by CH. While, as shown in section 4, this modification does not affect the treatment of one-dimensional long sediment waves presented by LSFS, the issue is of conceptual importance. We are therefore grateful to CH for motivating us to provide a hopefully more conclusive clarification of the matter. We are confident that the analysis presented below will be instructive for the reader, as it was for us
A pilot study to compare footwork techniques used in Table Tennis
No full textA pilot study to compare footwork techniques used in Table Tennis
Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni, Roberto Lobietti, Franco Merni
Faculty of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Bologna, Italy
INTRODUCTION
Footwork and steps (one step, side to side, slide step, turn step, cross step, and combinations of these steps) are fundamental in table tennis. Players should use the best technique for guarantying the shortest time to arrive in the right position, that gives the possibility to play the best shot. This study aims to define the different footwork techniques used by table tennis players. To compare different footwork techniques for giving useful suggestions to coaches and implementing better training for players, from a technical and physical point of view.
METHODS
1. Analysis of male players 4 matches from the 2006 Italian Championships and 4 matches from 2006 World Team Table Tennis Championships (videos recorded from television).
2. To record the 5 different types of steps defined and the 16 types of shots (drive and back) was used a 16 x 5 table. To carry out this analysis it has always been taken into account the last step before the shot or before the attempt to hit the ball.
3. The analysis of the frequencies of the different types of steps were performed and percentages calculated.
4. The non-parametric Chi Square test were performed to identify significant differences (α=0.01) in the use of footwork techniques by the 8 players considered.
RESULTS
The results allow a qualitative description of the various step movements.
The most frequent step is the one step with a frequency of 33.5%; the second one is the chassè with a frequency of 20,8%; they are followed by the Stroke without step 16.3%; the Turn step15.4 %; the Crossover 8.8% and the Slide step 5.3%. Chi Square analysis, by comparing the use of different types of steps by the players at low level, shows significant differences between them (χ2 (15) = 50.09, p<0.01) as between found for the highest level in a previous study (χ2 (15) = 40.63, p<0.01). A comparison with data relative to the highest level confirmed inter individual (χ2 (35) = 222.62, p<0.01).
and inter groups differences (χ2 (5) = 61.24, p<0.01).
DISCUSSION
Analysis of the matches suggests inter individual differences in the characteristics of the steps movements. The “one step” is especially used to hit the ball in the forehand and backhand push to return the service.
Further studies on a larger number of matches, will permit a better understanding in the use of footwork techniques.
REFERENCES
Lames M. (2006), Modelling the interaction in game sport – relative phase and moving correlations. JSSM 5, pp. 556-560
Lobietti,R., Merni F. (2006), Blocking footwork techniques used by male and female volleyball players are different, JHMS, 51 (5), pp. 307-320
Malagoli Lanzoni I., Lobietti R., Merni F. (2007), Footwork techniques used in table tennis: a qualitative analysis, Proceedings book of The 10th Anniversary ITTF Sport Science Congress, 18-20 maggio 2007, Zagreb, Croatia. ISBN 978-953-6378-69-2.
Tepper G. (2003), ITTF Level 1 Coaching manual, www.ittf.co
On the nature of meander instability
No full textBend instability is the process whereby perturbations of the planform distribution of a channel relative to a straight configuration may grow, driven by erosion at concave banks and deposition at convex banks, leading to the development of a meandering pattern. Here we investigate the nature of this instability; that is, we ascertain under what conditions bend instability is convective or absolute. In the former case, an initial nonpersistent, small perturbation localized in space is convected away, eventually leaving the flow domain unperturbed. In the latter case, perturbations spread in both the upstream and downstream directions, eventually affecting the whole flow domain. In convective instabilities, the spatial-temporal development of perturbations is somewhat dependent on the characteristics of the initial perturbation which is required to be persistent in time. On the contrary, absolute instabilities are able to amplify perturbations, even if triggered at some initial time and then ceased. If bend instability is convective, planform information migrates only in one direction, while in the absolute regime, information is propagated in both directions. We show that bend instability is most often, though not invariably, convective at both a linear and nonlinear level. Moreover, the group velocity of perturbations changes sign as the width to depth ratio of the channel crosses some threshold value (the resonant value of Blondeaux and Seminara (1985)): Below (above) resonance, information is propagated downstream (upstream). We discuss the implications that these findings have on the morphological characteristics of meandering rivers (in particular, the sense of skewing of meander bends and the direction of meander migration). We also clarify how the choice of appropriate boundary conditions in numerical simulations of planform evolution is crucially dependent on the nature of bend instability and on its subresonant or superresonant regime
On tide propagation in convergent estuaries
No full textWe revisit the problem of one-dimensional tide propagation in convergent estuaries considering four limiting cases defined by the relative intensity of dissipation versus local inertia in the momentum equation and by the role of channel convergence in the mass balance. In weakly dissipative estuaries, tide propagation is essentially a weakly nonlinear phenomenon where overtides are generated in a cascade process such that higher harmonics have increasingly smaller amplitudes. Furthermore, nonlinearity gives rise to a seaward directed residual current. As channel convergence increases, the distortion of the tidal wave is enhanced and both tidal wave speed and wave lenght increase. The solution loses its wavy character when the estuary reaches its "critical convergence"; above such convergence the weakly dissipative limit becomes meaningless. Finally, when channel convergence is strong or moderate, weakly dissipative estuaries turn out to be ebb dominated. In strongly dissipative estuaries, tide propagation becomes a strongly nonlinear phenomenon that displays peaking and sharp distortion of the current profile, and that invariably leads to flood dominance. As the role of channel convergence is increasingly counteracted by the diffusive effect of spatial variations of the current velocity on how continuity, tidal amplitude experiences a progressively decreasing amplification while tidal wave speed increases. We develop a nonlinear parabolic approximation of the full de Saint Venant equations able to describe this behaviour. Finally, strongly convergent and moderately dissipative estuaries enhance wave peaking as the effect of local inertia is increased. The full de Saint Venant equations are the appropriate model to treat this case
Long term evolution and morphodynamic equilibrium of tidal channels
No full textThis contribution investigates the morphodynamic equilibrium of funnel-shaped well-mixed estuaries and/or tidal channels. The one-dimensional de Saint Venant and Exner equations are solved numerically for the ideal case of a frictionally dominated estuary consisting of noncohesive sediment and with insignificant intertidal storage of water in tidal flats and salt marshes. This class of estuaries turns out to be invariably flood dominated. The resulting asymmetries in surface elevations and tidal currents lead to a net sediment flux within a tidal cycle which is directed landward. As a consequence, sediments are trapped within the estuary and the bottom profile evolves asymptotically toward an equilibrium configuration, allo wing a vanishing net sediment flux everywhere and, in accordance with field observations, a nearly constant value of the maximum flood/ebb speed. Such an equilibrium bed profile is characterized by a concavity increasing as the estuary convergence increases and by a uniquely determined value of the depth at the inlet section. The final length of the estuary is fixed by the longitudinal extension of the very shallow area which tends to form in the landward portion of the estuary. Note that sediment advection is neglected in the analysis, an assumption appropriate to the case of not too fine sediment
Coastal wetlands at risk: Learning from Venice and New Orleans
No full textCoastal regions have progressively become more vulnerable to intense hydrodynamic and atmospheric events, thus raising important questions about their fate in the century of global warming. A variety of natural and anthropogenic factors have contributed to this fragility: eustacy, isostasy, soil compaction, reduced sediment supply and reduced extension of natural defenses (barrier islands and coastal wetlands). With the aim to emphasize the crucial role played by the intense human manipulation of the environment, we provide a brief overview of the state of knowledge on this extremely complex problem, moving from two cases of special importance: Venice and New Orleans. We discuss similarities (causes of wetland degradation and related restoration problems) as well as differences (different economical scales involved in the restoration projects, different risk reduction ensured by wetland and natural defense restoration and, finally, cultural relevance of the environment to be preserved) between these two regions
Preadolescenti e variazione linguistica: alcune sperimentazioni didattiche con la scuola secondaria di primo grado
No full textLa Comunità internazionale in Dante: il Monarchia
No full textTra il 1310 e il 1313, in coincidenza della discesa di Enrico VII in Italia, Dante scrive il Monarchia. L’opera auspica l’istituzione di una Monarchia universale al fine di ristabilire la pace, la giustizia e la libertà degli individui in uno scenario politico in tumulto. Diversi critici hanno sostenuto che il Monarchia, lungi dal rappresentare una mera utopia ideologica, esporrebbe una vera e propria teoria dello Stato e/o della Comunità internazionale. Il presente contributo è volto a fornire un’analisi sulla teoria della Comunità internazionale in Dante. Esso si divide in tre parti: la prima descrive brevemente il contenuto del Monarchia. La seconda illustra la fortuna dell’opera e l’altalenante influenza che la stessa ha avuto sugli autori di diritto internazionale successivi. La terza ricostruisce, elabora e attualizza la teoria della Comunità internazionale in Dante sotto forma di ‘Monarchia istituzionale’ e di ‘Monarchia normativa’. L’obiettivo è dimostrare come, dopo oltre sette secoli, il monarchia costituisca ancora fonte di riflessione e di spunti sul problema del modello di governance globale e sui compiti precipui del diritto internazionale contemporaneo
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