258 research outputs found
Minimum Consistent Subset in Trees and Interval Graphs
Get PDFIn the Minimum Consistent Subset (MCS) problem, we are presented with a connected simple undirected graph G, consisting of a vertex set V(G) of size n and an edge set E(G). Each vertex in V(G) is assigned a color from the set {1,2,…, c}. The objective is to determine a subset V' ⊆ V(G) with minimum possible cardinality, such that for every vertex v ∈ V(G), at least one of its nearest neighbors in V' (measured in terms of the hop distance) shares the same color as v. The decision problem, indicating whether there exists a subset V' of cardinality at most l for some positive integer l, is known to be NP-complete even for planar graphs.
In this paper, we establish that the MCS problem is NP-complete on trees. We also provide a fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) algorithm for MCS on trees parameterized by the number of colors (c) running in O(2^{6c} n^6) time, significantly improving the currently best-known algorithm whose running time is O(2^{4c} n^{2c+3}). In an effort to comprehensively understand the computational complexity of the MCS problem across different graph classes, we extend our investigation to interval graphs. We show that it remains NP-complete for interval graphs, thus enriching graph classes where MCS remains intractable
Study on Lipolysis of Rice bran,Linseed and Olive oils
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
The effect of oxidation on the stability of G-quadruplex DNA : implications for oncogene expression
Get PDFG-quadruplexes (G4-DNA) are a class of secondary structures formed from Guanine rich sequences. In recent years these structures have been implicated in both telomere maintenance and oncogene expression, and have been shown to be abundant in upstream promoter regions and at telomeric ends.
The mutagenic properties of oxidative stress on DNA have been widely studied, as has the association with carcinogenesis. The oxidation of deoxyguanosine to 8-oxo-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is the most common result when DNA is under oxidative stress and as such, the G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes can be viewed as potential “hot-spots” for DNA oxidation. We propose that oxidation may destabilise the G-quadruplex structure, leading to its unfolding into the duplex structure, affecting gene expression. This would imply a possible mechanism by which oxidation may impact on oncogene expression.
This project used both in silico and in vitro methods to observe the effect of oxidation on the G-quadruplex structure and the consequences in oncogene expression, using two biologically relevant G-quadruplex structures, those found in the promoter regions of the proto-oncogenes c-Myc and c-Kit as proof of concept.
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed (isothermic, isobaric 500ns unrestrained simulation in explicit solvent and counterions) on the c-Kit and c-Myc G-quadruplex structures with and without 8-oxo-dG incorporated into the central tetrad. FRET experiments were performed on these same structures, observing the conformation of sequences known to form G-quadruplexes under near physiological conditions and subjected to oxidative stress, through Fenton chemistry. Gene expression data analyses were also performed to evaluate the prevalence of different G-quadruplex forming motifs (GQMs) in genes affected by oxidation.Although no relevant information was gained from the FRET experiments, the MD results constitute the longest simulations of this type performed on the c-Myc and c-Kit G-quadruplex structures published to date and predict the high stability of these structures under normal physiological conditions. They also clearly demonstrate a destabilising effect of oxidation on G-quadruplex structures, with the extent of the effect dependent on the structure oxidised.
Furthermore, gene expression data analysis showed that genes whose expression is significantly altered when subjected to oxidative stress are statisticallymore likely to contain a GQM than the remainder of the genome, through the use of significance testing.
These findings demonstrate a differential effect of oxidation on G-quadruplexes, likely dependent on other known characteristics affecting G4 stability such as loop length and sequence. Results also point towards this mechanism affecting gene expression. This is suggestive of a novel route for oxidation mediated carcinogenesis, through upregulation of oncogene expression or possibly downregulation of tumour suppression genes
A REVIEW ON HERBO MINERAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING LAUHA (IRON) W.S.R TO RASENDRA SARA SANGHRAHA
Get PDFRasendra Sara Sangraha is the oldest and most exhaustive treatise of Rasa Shastra, an important branch of Ayurveda, which revolutionised Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in the medieval period. It is one of classical works of 14th century period written by Sri Gopala Krishna Bhatt consists of 5 chapters with 2531 verses. Rasendra Sara Sangraha comprising the compilation of various times tested and therapeutically proved Rasayoga formulations. Lauha (iron) is a very essential element of the body system for treating many disease conditions as well as for physiological existence. Iron used as medicine from the Vedic period. Lauha preparations are extensively used from Acharya Charakas period in the form of Ayasruti and Navayasa loha. Rasendra Sara Sangraha has mentioned a total of 222 herbo mineral formulations having Lauha (iron). The present study deals with the chapter wise review of formulations of Rasendra Sara Sangraha containing Lauha as an ingredient mentioned in various disease conditions like Jwara, Arsas, krimi, Pandu, Soola, Pradara, Sodha and Gulma etc. These Lauha containing Herbo mineral Formulations has been elaborately compiled in 222 formulations
Study on Isolation of Rice Bran Lipase and its Hydrolysis Reaction.
No full textRice bran contains an endogenous lipase, which
degrades the oil present in it to free fatty acids and
glycerol. The purpose of the study was to find out the
effect of individual parameters such as moisture
content, temperature, incubation period, defatted rice
bran/crude lipase extract and substrate concentration
on the activity of lipase enzyme in vitro. Rice bran
was defatted by using three different kinds of solvents
by two methods, one at room temperature and another
at 5-8°C using Soxhlet extraction method. The resultant
defatted rice bran had moisture, 7.7-8.2%; residual
fat, 2.2-3.2%; water solubles, 16.2-21.7%; water
insolubles, 78.2-83.7%; and protein content, 8.2-9.0%.
The LAU/g protein/h was slightly more in Soxhlet
defatted bran (1270) than in the room temperature
extracted bran (1032). Buffer (pH 7.0 with CaCl2
solution) was used for the extraction of crude lipase
from defatted rice bran. The yield of dry extract from
Soxhlet defatted rice bran was a little more (10 g/
100g with 1578 LAU/g/h units) while it was slightly
lesser for room temperature defatted bran (7.1g/100g
with LAU of 525 units). The hydrolysis reaction of
defatted rice bran and the crude enzyme extract
increased with increase in moisture content, crude
enzyme concentration and the incubation period and
the reaction slowed down with increase in temperature
and substrate concentration. This was probably due
to inactivation of the enzyme at higher temperatures
and decreased amount of the enzyme concentration
respectively. The optimum conditions for carrying out
the hydrolysis reaction for defatted bran and its crude
enzyme extract were moisture content (0.5mL/2.0
mL), temperature (30°C), incubation period (72 h),
lipase concentration (defatted bran, 0.5 g; crude
enzyme extract 0.1 g) and substrate concentration
(0.2 g). During the normal process of oil, extraction
from rice bran the enzyme gets deactivated and
hence its extraction from commercial deoiled bran is
not possible. This study throws light on extraction and
utilization of the enzyme using Soxhlet method of
defatting
Life course programming of stress responses in adolescents and young adults in India: Protocol of the Stress Responses in Adolescence and Vulnerability to Adult Non-communicable disease (SRAVANA) Study
Get PDFBackground: Early life nutrition may affect individuals’ susceptibility to adult non-communicable diseases (NCD). Psychological stress is a well-recognised NCD risk factor. Recent evidence suggests that impaired foetal nutrition alters neuro-endocrine pathways, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feedback systems, resulting in abnormal stress responses, and NCD risk. This study aims to examine adolescent cortisol and cardiovascular stress responses in relation to maternal nutrition and contemporaneous NCD risk markers.Methods: The study sample will be drawn from three well-established birth cohorts in India; the Parthenon cohort, Mysore (N=550, age~20y), the SARAS KIDS prenatal intervention cohort, Mumbai (N=300, age~10-12y) and the Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adults/ PRIYA cohort, Pune (N=100, age~22y). We will perform the ‘Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)’, a well-accepted stress-test module which involves participants performing 5-minutes each of public speaking and mental arithmetic tasks in front of unfamiliar ‘judges’ (stressor). Repeated measures of salivary cortisol and autonomic cardiovascular outcomes relative to the stressor will be assessed. Measures of psychological stress, cognitive function, blood pressure, glucose-insulin metabolism and depression will be carried out. Mechanistic studies including DNA methylation in gluco-corticoid receptor (NR3C1) and 11β-HSD2 gene loci and neuroimaging will be carried out in a subsample. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions in a subsample of the Parthenon cohort will explore the perception of stress and stressors among the youth.We will convert repeated measures into time-weighted averages before analysis. We will carry out multivariable regression analysis to test the associations. We will further refine the analyses using the mixed-model regression and conditional analyses for the association with repeated measures. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the research ethics committee of CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. The findings will be disseminated locally and at international meetings, and reports will be submitted to open access peer reviewed journals
Priority RPL for IOT Based Smart Manufacturing Industries
No full textA routing protocol used in heterogeneous transport networks for low-power, lossy networks. This is a routing protocol for wireless networks. This protocol follows the same specifications as Zigbee, 6 lopan is IEEE 802.15. 4 Enables both many-to-one and one-to-one communication. To address the need for enhancing in this study proposes a novel methodology called RPL-PG (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Priority Generation). Initially sensors like Temperature, Humidity, Vibration, Proximity, Gas and Current Monitoring Sensors are used for smart manufacturing. Consequently, Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) is used for RPL configuration. Based on selected RPL configuration the priority is generated using assign priority count and priority-based queuing. Finally, Fuzzy rules are used to select the RPL path and then update the DODAG finally reached the destination. The study involves setting up a simulated environment using appropriate tools, such as MATLAB. Experimental findings evaluate and compares performance measures, such as Energy Consumption, Network Life Time, Packet Loss Ratio, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), E2E Delay, and Network Throughput. The Energy Consumption of the proposed RPL-PG method achieves 43.6 % lower than 38 % and 35.8 % in terms of OMC-RPL and RMA-RP respectively
G-Quadruplex-Forming DNA Aptamers Inhibit the DNA-Binding Function of HupB and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Entry into Host Cells
No full textThe entry and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) within host cells is orchestrated partly by an essential histone-like protein HupB (Rv2986c). Despite being an essential drug target, the lack of structural information has impeded the development of inhibitors targeting the indispensable and multifunctional C-terminal domain (CTD) of HupB. To bypass the requirement for structural information in the classical drug discovery route, we generated a panel of DNA aptamers against HupB protein through systemic evolution of ligands by exponential (SELEX) enrichment. Two G-quadruplex-forming high-affinity aptamers (HupB-4T and HupB-13T) were identified, each of which bound two distinct sites on full-length HupB, with an estimated KD of ∼1.72 μM and ∼0.17 μM, respectively, for the high-affinity sites. While HupB-4T robustly inhibited DNA-binding activity of HupB in vitro, both the aptamers recognized surface-located HupB and significantly blocked Mtb entry into THP-1 monocytic cells (p < 0.0001). In summary, DNA aptamers generated in this study block DNA-binding activity of HupB, inhibit virulent Mtb infection in host cells, and demonstrate aptamers to be inhibitors of HupB functions. This study also illustrates the utility of SELEX in developing inhibitors against essential targets for whom structural information is not available. Keywords: aptamers, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb, SELEX, G-quadruplex, Hup
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