1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Domande e riposte di cura : Il ruolo della vulnerabilità nell’accesso alla cura : un vero discorso di salute
No full textAccess to care and vulnerability: a real health issue Aim. To study the relationship between vulnerability and the health care system in the urban context, investigating the variables that generate access inequality and complexity in the relationship between healthcare personnel and patients. To create a tool to define and recognize vulnerability, to be used by healthcare services, since we believe that the health system is a social system that defines health and equity, as the WHO-Commission on social determinants of health declared. Methods. This study applies the quanti-qualitative intersection method, as in the "here and now" of a medical examination, combining narrative and numbers. The study focuses on the vulnerable population identified through the application of a filter comprising 4 elements: being a migrant, not having a job/income, and being homeless and uneducated. The study focuses mainly on patients' awareness of health services and these patients' strategies and abilities in accessing health care, both during the preceding year and their intentions for doing so in the future. This study's urban context involves two research fields: the emergency room (ER) at the Sacco Hospital and the social pharmacy at the San Fedele Center (SF) in Milan. Results. A total of 282 patients, all adults, were recruited during the 8 week study period for each field (2014-2015): 49 (51% men) in the ER with white and green codes at triage, 233 at the SF (52% men). The health care paths reported involve three levels: patient, practice, and policy. The filter tool shows that vulnerability has a high level of complexity: 75% ofER patients, and 49% of the SF population, have a co-presence of three elements. In summary, the patients' health care requests/needs highlight: the desire to be listened to, the need for care addressing basic needs, and a suffering often not understood by the health care system, but also a willingness to change. In Italy, the general practitioner (GP) is a key service even though it remains marginal among the services: 52% of the ER and 73% of SF populations, while the most used service is the emergency room (83% in ER, 52% at SF). Overall, the paths of care are driven by someone else's support: 59% of the ER population received someone else's help, and 49% of the SF population received help from multiple sources. Conclusions. Vulnerable people are a real challenge to the public health system, a fact that underlines that matching requests with delivery of care is difficult. Demand does not reach the public health system autonomously, both because it is not completely grasped and because of its complexity. An active health system capable of identifying the vulnerable population through the use of a filter-tool and of addressing the needs of the vulnerable is essential in a global health vision, enforcing patients' access to health in the different levels of care (patient-practice-policy)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L'IMPLEMENTAZIONE DI LINEE GUIDA DI ANTIBIOTICOPROFILASSI. L'ESPERIENZA DELL' AO ISTITUTO ORTOPEDICO G.PINI
No full textOBIETTIVI: Le infezioni del sito chirurgico (ISC) rappresentano
una complicanza impegnativa sia dal
punto di vista della qualità delle cure sia
dell’impatto economico. La profilassi antibiotica
rappresenta una pratica preventiva di comprovata
efficacia testimoniata da linee guida (LG) che, tuttavia,
vengono disattese nella pratica quotidiana.
Tale condizione è stata verificata anche presso l’AO
Gaetano Pini a seguito di uno studio di sorveglianza
delle ISC in interventi di artroprotesi, promosso dal
gruppo GISIO-SItI.
Alla luce di quanto riscontrato si è deciso di:
- revisionare le LG di antibioticoprofilassi,
- condividerle in azienda,
- monitorarne l'applicazione.
METODI: È stato istituito un gruppo multidisciplinare
costituito da infettivologi, ortopedici, infermiere
addetto al controllo delle infezioni, medici della direzione
sanitaria, che ha revisionato le LG aziendali.
Il gruppo di lavoro ha ritenuto opportuno organizzare
degli incontri formativi per la diffusione delle
LG revisionate e di predisporre una checklist ad hoc
per il monitoraggio dell'applicazione delle stesse
alla luce della considerazione che gli interventi informativi
e formativi rappresentano un ottimo
strumento per l'implementazione e condivisione
delle LG e sono in grado di portare a miglioramenti
significativi nella pratica clinica.
RISULTATI: Le LG revisionate sono state presentate
ai medici ortopedici e ai coordinatori infermieristici
nel corso di due eventi formativi. In seguito sono
stati organizzati incontri nelle singole UUOO. Durante
gli incontri sono stati presentati i risultati dello
studio di sorveglianza delle ISC in interventi di
artroprotesi e sono state esposte le motivazioni per
cui gli schemi di profilassi adottati non sono stati
giudicati aderenti alle LG aziendali. È stato sottolineato
che la criticità più evidente e sulla quale in
letteratura c'è consenso unanime è relativa alla durata
della profilassi oltre le 24 ore, confermata da
una seconda indagine condotta in ciascuna unità
operativa. Inoltre sono state esposte le modalità
del processo di revisione delle LG aziendali e ne è
stata consegnata copia anche in formato tascabile,
rimarcando come tale documento rappresenti una
linea di indirizzo e pertanto sia importante motivare
in cartella clinica la scelta di una profilassi diversa
da quella indicata.
CONCLUSIONI: I percorsi di consolidamento dei
comportamenti vanno monitorati e valutati periodicamente.
Nei prossimi mesi verrà verificata l'applicazione
dalle LG (scelta corretta della molecola,
timing di somministrazione, durata della profilassi)
utilizzando la checklist predisposta a tale scopo
Analysis of nosocomial acquired Clostridium difficile infection in al Italian research and teaching hospital
No full textBackground: Clostridium difficile (Cd) infection is a nosocomial plague which is correlated with several clinical and medical factors such as antibiotics intake. It is known that prevention is possible through infection control measures both clinical and epidemiological.
Methods: We examined the data from a study about Cd infection in four internal medicine wards in a teaching and research hospital in the north part of Italy in a two years period. The wards are only slightly different in size, plan, structures, nursing staff and patient’s characteristics but have a different rooms’ organization, lay out and different level of continuous education programs for nursing personnel.
Results: We reported a high incidence of the infection and a non-significant difference between wards also looking to the different possibility-capacity of taking preventive measures and the different level of nursing staff continuous educational performance.
Conclusion: The analysis of the data we obtained was the basis to write a protocol and to start a training course for the medical and nursing personnel of the four wards on the managing of patients infected with Cd infection. On March 2011 we started a one year longitudinal study about the Cd infections in the same wards with the purpose of evaluating the adherence to the protocol, monitoring the incidence of infection and studying the risk factors of the infected patients related to the proper use of the protocol on Cd
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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