1,720,992 research outputs found
Fruit Quality and Yield of Different Apple Cultivars as Affected by Tree Density
No full textThe evolution of growing techniques and the diffusion of dwarfing rootstocks resulted in a deep revolution of apple culture, not only in traditional Italian apple growing locations on the hills, but also in the plains, where a longer growing season and a higher soil fertility do not allow very high planting density because of the vigour of the trees. With the aim of evaluating the best tree density to achieve high yield and good fruit quality for the most important varieties grown in the Po valley (Golden Delicious, Fuji and Braeburn) an experimental field was established in the spring 1996 in the Po valley. Four Golden Delicious clones were considered (clone B, Smoothee, Reinders and Crielaard), three Fuji (Naga-fu 6, Red Sport, Mori Hofu 3A) and three Braeburn clones (B. standard, Red Braeburn and B. CTIFL). All the plants were on M9 rootstock and spindle trained, at a distance of 4.5 m between rows. The distance of the plants on the row was 75, 100, 150 or 200 cm with corresponding tree density from 1111 to 2962 trees/Ha. Yearly, trunk cross section, total weight and number of fruit of each tree was checked and fruit quality was evaluated by means of physical and chemical parameters at harvest and after 5 months in cold storage. Increasing tree density resulted in higher yield per hectare, but lower yield per tree was evident as soon as the trees began to compete with each other. Highest planting density significantly reduced fruit size and quality, but different results were observed in different varieties and clones. As regards fruit size and quality, variation between years was wider than variation between planting densities: a significant decrease of fruit mass and soluble solids content was observed during the last six years, indicating a progressive competition between trees. The trunk cross size was reduced at high planting density, due both to competition between trees and to the higher productivity (yield per hectare), which limit tree growth. It was concluded that, in the Po valley, the best tree density for the cultivars tested is 2222 trees/ha
Long Term Effects of Ericoid Endomycorrhizae on the Growth of Micropropagated Plants of Vaccinium corymbosum L. in the Field.
No full textPrevious studies on mycorrhization procedures and the effect of inoculation of 10 selected mycorrhizal fungi (Hymenoscyphus ericae, two isolates of Oidiodendron maius, 6 sterile non-classified mycelia isolated in Italy on Calluna spp., and one sterile mycelium isolated on Vaccinium spp. in France) on rooting and growth of micropropagated plants of 9 cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum, had shown that the growth and habit of plants and their root development depended on the interaction between the fungus strain and the cultivar. The effect of the interaction between cultivar and fungus strain was maintained, in the first years of field growth, on the size of plants, on the number and length of shoots, and also on the number and length of basal shoots. In the present contribution, the results of eight years of cultivation of the same plants in three different fields are reported. The performance of mycorrhized plants in different soils and environments is compared for plant growth and development. The long term interaction of fungal strain and blueberry cultivar was confirmed: some of the strains that increased the growth of a cultivar were ineffective or even decreased the growth of another one. Moreover, within cultivar, differences in plant growth among fields showed a significant interaction between fungal strain and environmental and soil conditions
Variabilità di piante di Actinidia deliciosa micropropagate
Full text linkPiante delle cultivar Hayward, Abbott, Bruno e Monty ottenute da talea e da micropropagazione sono state messe a dimora nel 1981 al fine di confrontarne le caratteristiche vegeto-produttive. Nei primi anni le piante micropropagate mostrarono caratteri un po’ differenti rispetto alle piante standard, inizialmente attribuiti ad un recupero di giovanilità tipico del materiale proveniente da vitro; una volta in produzione, però, molte di esse mantennero e mantengono tuttora, dopo 25 anni, alcune peculiarità morfologiche dei frutti, fra cui una accentuata tomentosità, che le distinguono dalle varietà di riferimento. Tutte le piante micropropagate presentano inoltre un’accentuata precocità di fioritura rispetto alle piante da talea. Mentre le caratteristiche fenologiche delle piante e i parametri biometrici di fiori e frutti consentono una netta discriminazione tra le cultivar standard, non sono altrettanto significativi nell’indicare l’appartenenza delle piante micropropagate ad un genotipo piuttosto che ad un altro. Solo un’analisi molecolare potrà probabilmente accertare la natura delle variazioni somaclonali riscontrate
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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