1,720,971 research outputs found
Immunohistochemistry of dihydrofolate reductase in methotrexate-sensitive and -resistant human cell lines by flow cytometry: a comparison with the cytochemical tetrazolium salt method
No full textDihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, EC 1.5.1.3) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids; it is also an important target for folate antagonists such as methotrexate (MTX). The distribution and expression of DHFR both in human HeLa BU-25 cell line and in methotrexate-resistant (MTX-R) variant, deriving from the human VA2-B cell line (having the DHFR gene amplified) was studied by tetrazolium salt method and by flow cytometric analysis. The immunohistochemical labelling of DHFR was achieved by using the streptavidinbiotinilated complex technique. DHFR activity was low in the human HeLa BU-25 cell line, while it was very high in the MTX-R cell line; the activity level increased with the increasing concentration of the MTX. The results obtained with cytochemical and immunohistochemical technique were compared. These findings showed that the hyperproduction of DHFR is strictly related with the cells having the DHFR gene amplified. Since MTX resistance is a common finding in the cells of patients with acute leukaemia, these studies may be extended to tumour-bearing patients at onset and following chemotherapy with methotrexate
Cytochemical pattern of alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase and neutral maltase in normal blood cells.
No full textThe activity of alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase and neutral maltase was studied by cytochemical techniques in blood cells of 20 controls and of 4 T and B lymphocyte concentrates. All granulocytes, monocytes and platelets showed fine or coarse reaction product deposition, whereas lymphocytes were negative or showed various positivity patterns. A significant difference of the positivity between T and B subpopulations was observed only for the fucosidase reaction. It is possible that the different positivity patterns of the lymphoid cells are related to different functional activities. Further studies will probably confirm the interest of the alpha-fucosidase reaction for the characterization of normal and pathological lymphoid cells
A qualitative and quantitative cytochemical assay of dihydrofolate reductase in erythroid cells.
No full textThe distribution and intensity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cytochemically demonstrable was studied in erythroid cells. Cells of normal human bone marrow, of human erythroleukaemia (M6), and cells of the Friend (MEL) clone 745A murine erythroleukaemia (also after differentiation with dimethylsulphoxide, DMSO) were stained according to Gerzeli and de Piceis Polver (1969) technique; quantification of the reaction product was made using a Vickers M86 microdensitometer. The enzyme activity progressively decreased during the normal differentiation of the erythropoietic series while persisted at high levels in erythroleukaemia cells. It can be suggested that in the 1st case, the cytochemical pattern of dihydrofolate reductase may be a useful added tool for studying the erythroid differentiation. In the 2nd case, the increased level of this enzyme may be related to an amplification of the gene of DHFR in the malignant transformation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immunoenzymatic labelling pattern of dihydrofolate reductase using alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method in haemic cells
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