1,720,963 research outputs found
Terapia farmacologica dell'influenza e delle sue complicanze
No full textL'influenza è una patologia respiratoria causata da virus influenzali di tipo A (più comuni) e di tipo B. La prevenzione mediante i vaccini è la procedura più pratica e più conveniente per il controllo dei virus influenzali. Attualmente è possibile attuare sia prevenzione che trattamento dell'influenza mediante farmaci antivirali, in alcune popolazioni particolari ed in soggetti ad alto rischio. I farmaci antivirali possono contrastare l'azione dei virus e per essere efficaci debbono essere assunti entro 36 ore dall'esposizione ai virus. I farmaci attualmente disponibili appartengono a due categorie: i bloccanti M2 e gli inibitori della neuraminidasi. I primi sono caratterizzati da elevata biodisponibilità orale e relativa tollerabilità ma sono attivi solo nei confronti di virus di tipo A. Inoltre presentano una relativamente rapido sviluppo di resistenza. I secondi sono ben tollerati e sono attivi nei confronti di virus di tipo A e B e possiedono un potenziale di resistenza inferiore a quello dei bloccanti M2. Le superinfezioni batteriche nel corso di patologie respiratorie virali rappresentano un fenomeno clinicamente ben documentato. Le epidemie di influenza sono accompagnate da un aumento di ricoveri per polmonite batterica sostenuta da pneumococco, H. influenzae e S. aureus e da un incremento di incidenza di infezioni da meningococco. Le complicanze batteriche dell'influenza necessitano terapia antibiotica ma non giustificano l'uso sistematico di antibiotici in corso di patologie esclusivamente virali
Pretreatment with tetrandrine has protective effects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rabbits
No full textTetrandrine, the active principle of Stephania tetrandra radix extracts, has broad pharmacological activity, including effects on the cardiovascular system: it has been shown to reduce the size of acute myocardial infarction in rats undergoing coronary vessel ligation and to improve heart lesions in the constriction/reperfusion model by means of mechanisms involving peroxidation, calcium antagonism and coagulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tetrandrine has anti-infarction, antioxidant and anticoagulant effects in rabbits treated with isoproterenol, a drug capable of causing peroxide generation, calcium overload and coagulation alterations, and inducing myocardial infarction. The results showed that pretreatment with tetrandrine protects against the myocardial injuries caused by isoproterenol. It counteracted the appearance of myocardial necrotic lesions and ischemic electrocardiographic modifications, such as ST segment alterations, prevented the appearance of the plasma cardiac necrosis markers c-troponin I and myoglobin, lowered malondialdehyde levels, and prolonged partial thromboplastin time. The protective effects of tetrandrine can be attributed to its antioxidant action in lowering peroxide levels and its ability to counteract coagulating activity. Tetrandrine seems to offer full protection against myocardial infarction experimentally induced by the non-invasive treatment of rabbits with isoprotenerol
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Schemi di intervento nelle forme respiratorie dei bovini da ristallo
No full textFour trials were carried out to investigate the efficiency of gamithromycin in beef cattle's bovine respiratory disease (BRD) prevention and therapy. The gamithromycin is characterized by fast absorption and distribution to target tissue, notably the lung. Three studies were conducted on the preventive efficacy using an untreated control (trial 1), a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (trial 2) and tulathromycin (trial 3). The responses of tulathromycin and Gamithromycin were compared in the therapeutic study (trial 4). Evaluations included incidence of morbidity, mortality, re-treatments and problem animals (removed to hospitalpen) over the 14 days subsequent to treatment and shortterm growth rates over the first 30 days. Preventive treatment with Gamithromycin significantly reduced the morbidity due to BRD by 86%, 86% and 35% compared to the control groups in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The proportion of problem animals was significantly less in the Gamithromycin group compared to the controls in trial 2. In the therapeutic trial, the incidence of animal that required re-treatment during the 14 days following treatment was 30,8% in the Gamithromycin group, in which there were no problem animals, compared to 81,8% in the positive control group, in which problem animals incidence was 27,7% (significative differences). Growth rates were significantly less in the control animals in trial 1. Overall, these results confirm the usefulness of Gamithromycin in BRD treatment and prevention and provide valuable information about BRD economic balance
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The postantibiotic effect of clarithromycin and its major human metabolite, 14-hydroxy clarithromycin
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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