1,721,295 research outputs found
Diffusion Length in n-doped 4H Silicon Carbide Crystals Detected by Alpha Particle Probe
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Assisting ventilation by pressure support: more than a weaning tool
No full textSince its introduction [1, 2], pressure support ventilation (PSV) has become one of the most frequently used partial ventilatory support techniques [3]. Despite its popularity, PSV in intubated patients is commonly seen as a weaning mode; therefore it comes as no surprise that information on the use of PSV in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is rather limited. It is our contention that in patients with ALI/ARDS, PSV could be applied not only safely, but also more broadly than commonly thought. The purpose of this brief chapter is to discuss some of the recent evidence on the use of PSV in patients with ALI/ARDS, which could justify and extend its application in the intensive care unit (ICU)
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sigh in acute respiratory failure
No full textMechanical ventilation, a cornerstone in the management of patients affected by acute respiratory failure, has undergone progressive and profound changes through the last 30 years. In the ’70s, tidal volumes (VT) as high as 10–15 ml/kg and elevated plateau pressures were routinely applied in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS); apart from hypocapnia, no other major side effect was recognized at that time [1]. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was already in use to enhance alveolar recruitment, targeted to optimize respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamics [2]. High VT could help in providing adequate arterial oxygenation at the lowest PEEP and inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2), considered to be the most important damaging factor for diseased lungs [3]. By the late ’80s, many authors had described animal models of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), showing how high airway pressure could induce severe lung injury [4] and histopathological findings strikingly similar to those of patients treated by injurious ventilation (ventilator lung) [5]. Subsequent studies identified the high transalveolar distending pressure (volu-barotrauma) [6] as a possible mechanism for lung rupture, fractures of epithelium and basement membrane [7]. More recent trials suggested that an intense inflammatory response (biotrauma) could be elicited by parenchymal stretching, and that high levels of cytokines could be found both in plasma and bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid during high volume ventilation [8], though other studies applying similar experimental settings found that a lung injured by high VT ventilation does not cause, per se, a significant release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the airspaces or the systemic circulation
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