1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Il rischio di infezione nelle U.O. di riabilitazione in Regione Lombardia
No full textNel presente lavoro sono stati analizzati i codici ICD-9-CM delle SDO relativi alle principali patologie infettive riscontrate negli anni 2005 e 2006 presso 123 strutture di Riabilitazione Ospedaliera in Regione Lombardia per un totale di 7830 posti letto; sono state esaminate 184.916 SDO per un totale di 149.471 pz. e 14.201 casi accertati di infezione; sono state considerate per
validazione 3246 cartelle cliniche provenienti da 33/123 unità di Riab. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato t. di degenza in pz. con infezioni mediamente più lunghi da 9 a 13 giorni rispetto a pz. senza infezioni; i fattori di rischio aumentano progressivamente da 1,38 a 5,26
passando da età di 45-54 anni fino +85; il rischio di contrarre infezione è maggiore nelle U.O. di Riab.
Generale Geriatrica (incidenza x 1000: 220,7) piuttosto che nelle Riab. Specialistiche (incidenza x 1000 U.O cardiorespiratorie: 70,3; incidenza x 1000 U.O. neuromotorie: 74,4); il rischio secondo la provenienza è maggiore nei pz. ospedalizzati (incidenza x 1000: 91,6) che dalla comunità (incidenza x 1000: 57,9). Il rischio per patologia è il seguente: infezioni respiratorie 13,7‰, urinarie 38,3‰, intestinali 2,2‰, sepsi 2,5‰, candidasi 0,6‰, batteriche varie 14,0‰, cutanee 13,4‰, iatrogene 8,0‰, cardiache 1,8‰, ossee 0,5 ‰ .
Lo studio ha evidenziato, in 33 U.O. di Riab, una non omogeneità nei protocolli per gestione del cateterismo, antibiotici usati in fase di riscontro di batteriuria in assenza di infezione, cateteri non rimossi prima di iniziare l'antibioticoterapia, non tutti gli operatori lavarsi le mani prima e dopo l’esecuzione del cateterismo, mancata consultazione di specialisti di antibioticoterapia. L’impiego della SDO è importante per indicazioni al trattamento riabilitativo vs. outcome, per definire i profili di comorbidità (BDA) e per la potenzialità nella descrizione dei fenomeni per la coerenza dei risultati sull’ incidenza e sui fattori di rischio rispetto all’atteso. La validazione delle cartelle cliniche è tuttora in corso
Molecular characterization of strains of Clostridium difficile isolated from hospitalized geriatric patients
No full textIntroduction. Clostridium difficile (Cd) is a spore-forming, gram positive anaerobic bacillus. It can be found as commensal in the human intestinal flora. Cd is the etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis and the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The pathogenic strains produce toxins (A and B) with cytotoxic effects on intestinal epithelium. Some strains producing binary toxin, cause more severe infections. So far it is not known the specific role of this toxin.
The major risk factors for acquiring this infection are: advanced age (over 65), underlying disease, severity of illness, antibiotic exposure and prolonged hospitalization. The purpose of our work was to perform a molecular characterization of Cd strains isolated from patients hospitalized at ASP Pio Albergo Trivulzio. We also performed the analysis of sequential isolates in order to verify if the recurrent infections were due to relapse or reinfection.
Methods. A total of 100 C.d. isolates were collected from 75 symptomatic patients from 6 different hospital wards. The strains were cultured on blood agar plates (CD agar – bioMérieux) in an anaerobic atmosphere for 48 h at 37°C. The identification of species was performed using Vitek automated system (bioMérieux).
The molecular typing was performed by "ribotyping" according to the method described by Bidet et al., using the 16 S (5'-GTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCT-3 ') and 23 S (5'-CCCTGCACCCTTAATAACTTGACC-3') sequences. Furthermore, all strains were subjected to PCR to detect the presence of the gene coding for binary toxin.
Results. The analysis of patterns obtained by ribotyping showed 14 different ribotypes. None of the strains tested was found to produce binary toxin.
Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that there is a considerable spread between the same ward in respect of the spread between different wards. For this phenomena we can assume that the spread has been fostered by the movements of patients in different rooms and that the environment is a possible source of infection.
Most of the sequential samples belong to the same ribotype indicating that the recurrent infections may be due to relapse from treatment failure or reinfection with the same strain.
The lack of toxin-producing strains binary allows for the time being, not to further increase the rate of mortality
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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