1,720,979 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
[Energy metabolism in cancer patients].
No full textThe presence of cachexia as defined by a series of clinical symptoms, such as anorexia, weight loss, muscular atrophy, tissue wasting, altered organ function, is frequently observed in cancer and makes a decisive contribution to morbidity and mortality. The onset of neoplastic cachexia is characterized by two events: the presence of primary or secondary anorexia and alterations of the host's intermediate metabolism. Among the most frequent metabolic alterations described in cancer patients is an absolute or relative increase in basal energy consumption with lack of adaptation to fasting. The causes of increased energy consumption in cancer patients are still not clear. Numerous studies on glucose, fat and protein metabolism induced by cancer have significantly contributed to our understanding of the phenomenon. The main alterations of the glucose metabolism are increased glucose turnover and reduced peripheral utilization, both of which probably depend on the presence of the tumour, as shown by their normalization after treatment. Increased gluconeogenesis, from lactate and from gluconeogenetic AA, is the main factor responsible for increased glucose turnover. The main alterations of the fat metabolism are increased mobilization of lipids from adipose tissues, reduced use of exogenous triglycerides and increased oxidation of free fatty acids that cannot be suppressed by glucose. The main alterations of protein metabolism are increased protein turnover with reduced synthesis and increased degradation of muscular proteins and increased hepatic protein synthesis. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of neoplastic cachexia represents a valuable aid for its effective prevention and treatment
An analysis of temporal changes in meal number and meal size at onset of anorexia in male tumor-bearing rats
No full text[No abstract available
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Tumor-induced changes in host metabolism: A possible marker of neoplastic disease
No full textA large number of ''biologic markers'' for cancer have been described, including tumor-associated antigens, ectopic hormones, enzymes, and effects of tumor on the host's metabolism. Although tumors may metabolically differ from each other, they may induce similar derangements in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in the host. In particular, changes in carbohydrate metabolism may induce glucose intolerance that may be early and easily detected using an oral glucose tolerance test. Hypertriglyceridemia and reduced exogenous lipid clearance may represent an early marker of deranged lipid metabolism. Changes in protein metabolism, as reflected by plasma amino acid profile, may also represent a new diagnostic tool for cancer. Among other amino acids, free tryptophan seems to be the best candidate as a new useful marker for monitoring neoplastic disease. It is conceivable that, based on the understanding of the differences in plasma amino acid profiles, more specific and rational antineoplastic strategies may arise
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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